P1 PATHOLOGY

Question 1

a lesion or mass projecting on the surface into lumen composed of epithelium

Answer 1

Polyp

Question 2

a polyp without a stalk is known as

Answer 2

sessile polyp

Question 3

a polyp with a stalk is known as

Answer 3

Pedunclated polyp

Question 4

types of non-neoplastic polyps

Answer 4

• inflammatory
  -Hamartomatous
• hyperplastic

Question 5

Hyper-proliferation of epithelial cells that leads to pile up of goblet cells resulting in “ saw teeth appearance “ is known as

Answer 5

abnormal cell turnover / proliferation

Question 6

disorganized, tumorlike growths composed of mature cell types is which type of polyp

Answer 6

Hamartomatous Polyp

Question 6

triad of presentation in inflammatory polyps

Answer 6

rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and
an inflammatory polyp on the
anterior rectal wall.

Question 7

Hamartomatous Polyps are associated with what syndromes

Answer 7

1-Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome
2- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
3- Cowden Syndrome.

Question 8

the most common type of Hamartomatous Polyps that occurs in children younger than 5 years

Answer 8

Juvenile polyp

Question 9

Juvenile polyps are usually manifested with

Answer 9

rectal bleeding & prolapse

Question 10

Identify the type of polyp and what is the arrow indicating

Answer 10

Juvenile polyp
the arrow : cysts

Question 11

what is the cause behind Hyperplastic (Metaplastic) Polyps

Answer 11

Caused by Defective epithelial cell turnover

Question 11

hallmark for adenoma of colon is

Answer 11

dysplasia

Question 12

common site for adenoma of cancer

Answer 12

recto-sigmoid junction

Question 13

mention the 3 microscopic types of adenoma of colon

Answer 13

• tubular adenoma
• villous adenoma
• tublo-villous adenoma

Question 14

mention the 2 features that increase the malignancy risk

Answer 14

1- size
2- presence of high grade dysplasia

Question 15

Identify the type of polyp

Answer 15

Hyperplastic polyps

Question 16

identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal

Answer 16

normal colonic muscosa

Question 17

identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal

Answer 17

Abnormal “ saw tooth appearance “

Question 18

identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal

Answer 18

abnormal “ adenoma”

Question 19

identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal

Answer 19

Abnormal “ Tubular adenoma”

Question 20

the arrow in the shown image is indicating

Answer 20

normal colonic epithelium

Question 21

identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal

Answer 21

abnormal “ villous adenoma “

Question 21

Molecular defect in FAP

Answer 21

APC/WNT Pathway

Question 22

Identify the type of polyp

Answer 22

villous adenoma

Question 23

Molecular defect in HNPCC

Answer 23

DNA mismatch repair

Question 24

genetic predisposition of FAP

Answer 24

Autosomal dominant

Question 25

if FAP is left untreated what is the chance of it developing into CRC

Answer 25

100 % chance

Question 25

Mutation in which gene is responsible for FAP

Answer 25

APC gene mutation

Question 26

what is the precautious treatment done in patients with APC gene mutation

Answer 26

prophylactic colectomy

Question 27

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer is also known as

Answer 27

Lynch syndrome

Question 28

Genetic predisposition of HNPCC

Answer 28

Autosomal dominant

Question 29

HNPCC will show mutation in what genes

Answer 29

MSH2 / MLH1

Question 30

Identify the type of disorder

Answer 30

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)

Question 31

the arrow is indicating

Answer 31

Polypoid exophytic Ulcerative mass

Question 32

the arrow is indicating

Answer 32

Annular stenosing Ulcerative mass

Question 33

identify the type of carcinoma

Answer 33

mucinous carcinoma

Question 34

identify the type of carcinoma

Answer 34

Signet ring carcinoma

Question 35

identify the type of carcinoma

Answer 35

Adenocarcinoma

Question 36

how closely tumours resemble their tissue of origin is known as

Answer 36

Grading

Question 37

how far a tumour has spread at the time of presentation is known as

Answer 37

Staging

Question 38

Explain what each letter represents in the " TNM " staging

Answer 38

T: the extent of the primary tumor N: LNs metastasis M: distant metastasis

Question 39

Identify the grade of adenocarcinoma shown in the image

Answer 39

Undifferentiated (Anaplastic )

Question 40

Identify & explain the grade of adenocarcinoma shown in the image

Answer 40

Moderately differentiated ,There is still a glandular configuration, but the glands are irregular and very crowded

Question 41

most common site for metastasis of CRC is

Answer 41

liver

Question 42

complications of CRC

Answer 42

- spread - bleeding - obstruction , perforation , fistula formation , ascites