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UNIT 9 MULTI-SYSTEMS > P1 PATHOLOGY > Flashcards

P1 PATHOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

a lesion or mass projecting on the surface into lumen composed of epithelium

A

Polyp

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2
Q

a polyp without a stalk is known as

A

sessile polyp

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3
Q

a polyp with a stalk is known as

A

Pedunclated polyp

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4
Q

types of non-neoplastic polyps

A
  • inflammatory
    -Hamartomatous
  • hyperplastic
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5
Q

Hyper-proliferation of epithelial cells that leads to pile up of goblet cells resulting in “ saw teeth appearance “ is known as

A

abnormal cell turnover / proliferation

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6
Q

disorganized, tumorlike growths composed of mature cell types is which type of polyp

A

Hamartomatous Polyp

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6
Q

triad of presentation in inflammatory polyps

A

rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and
an inflammatory polyp on the
anterior rectal wall.

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7
Q

Hamartomatous Polyps are associated with what syndromes

A

1-Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome
2- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
3- Cowden Syndrome.

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8
Q

the most common type of Hamartomatous Polyps that occurs in children younger than 5 years

A

Juvenile polyp

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9
Q

Juvenile polyps are usually manifested with

A

rectal bleeding & prolapse

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10
Q

Identify the type of polyp and what is the arrow indicating

A

Juvenile polyp
the arrow : cysts

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11
Q

what is the cause behind Hyperplastic (Metaplastic) Polyps

A

Caused by Defective epithelial cell turnover

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11
Q

hallmark for adenoma of colon is

A

dysplasia

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12
Q

common site for adenoma of cancer

A

recto-sigmoid junction

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13
Q

mention the 3 microscopic types of adenoma of colon

A
  • tubular adenoma
  • villous adenoma
  • tublo-villous adenoma
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14
Q

mention the 2 features that increase the malignancy risk

A

1- size
2- presence of high grade dysplasia

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15
Q

Identify the type of polyp

A

Hyperplastic polyps

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16
Q

identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal

A

normal colonic muscosa

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17
Q

identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal

A

Abnormal “ saw tooth appearance “

18
Q

identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal

A

abnormal “ adenoma”

19
Q

identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal

A

Abnormal “ Tubular adenoma”

20
Q

the arrow in the shown image is indicating

A

normal colonic epithelium

21
Q

identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal

A

abnormal “ villous adenoma “

21
Q

Molecular defect in FAP

A

APC/WNT Pathway

22
Q

Identify the type of polyp

A

villous adenoma

23
Q

Molecular defect in HNPCC

A

DNA mismatch repair

24
Q

genetic predisposition of FAP

A

Autosomal dominant

25
Q

if FAP is left untreated what is the chance of it developing into CRC

A

100 % chance

25
Q

Mutation in which gene is responsible for FAP

A

APC gene mutation

26
Q

what is the precautious treatment done in patients with APC gene mutation

A

prophylactic colectomy

27
Q

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer is also known as

A

Lynch syndrome

28
Q

Genetic predisposition of HNPCC

A

Autosomal dominant

29
Q

HNPCC will show mutation in what genes

A

MSH2 / MLH1

30
Q

Identify the type of disorder

A

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)

31
Q

the arrow is indicating

A

Polypoid exophytic Ulcerative mass

32
Q

the arrow is indicating

A

Annular stenosing Ulcerative mass

33
Q

identify the type of carcinoma

A

mucinous carcinoma

34
Q

identify the type of carcinoma

A

Signet ring carcinoma

35
Q

identify the type of carcinoma

A

Adenocarcinoma

36
Q

how closely tumours resemble their tissue of origin is known as

A

Grading

37
Q

how far a tumour has spread at the time of
presentation is known as

A

Staging

38
Q

Explain what each letter represents in the “ TNM “ staging

A

T: the extent of the primary tumor
N: LNs metastasis
M: distant metastasis

39
Q

Identify the grade of adenocarcinoma shown in the image

A

Undifferentiated (Anaplastic )

40
Q

Identify & explain the grade of adenocarcinoma shown in the image

A

Moderately differentiated ,There is still a glandular configuration, but the glands are irregular and very crowded

41
Q

most common site for metastasis of CRC is

A

liver

42
Q

complications of CRC

A
  • spread
  • bleeding
  • obstruction , perforation , fistula formation , ascites

UNIT 9 MULTI-SYSTEMS (24 decks)

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