P1 PATHOLOGY Flashcards
a lesion or mass projecting on the surface into lumen composed of epithelium
Polyp
a polyp without a stalk is known as
sessile polyp
a polyp with a stalk is known as
Pedunclated polyp
types of non-neoplastic polyps
- inflammatory
-Hamartomatous - hyperplastic
Hyper-proliferation of epithelial cells that leads to pile up of goblet cells resulting in “ saw teeth appearance “ is known as
abnormal cell turnover / proliferation
disorganized, tumorlike growths composed of mature cell types is which type of polyp
Hamartomatous Polyp
triad of presentation in inflammatory polyps
rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and
an inflammatory polyp on the
anterior rectal wall.
Hamartomatous Polyps are associated with what syndromes
1-Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome
2- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
3- Cowden Syndrome.
the most common type of Hamartomatous Polyps that occurs in children younger than 5 years
Juvenile polyp
Juvenile polyps are usually manifested with
rectal bleeding & prolapse
Identify the type of polyp and what is the arrow indicating
Juvenile polyp
the arrow : cysts
what is the cause behind Hyperplastic (Metaplastic) Polyps
Caused by Defective epithelial cell turnover
hallmark for adenoma of colon is
dysplasia
common site for adenoma of cancer
recto-sigmoid junction
mention the 3 microscopic types of adenoma of colon
- tubular adenoma
- villous adenoma
- tublo-villous adenoma
mention the 2 features that increase the malignancy risk
1- size
2- presence of high grade dysplasia
Identify the type of polyp
Hyperplastic polyps
identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal
normal colonic muscosa
identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal
Abnormal “ saw tooth appearance “
identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal
abnormal “ adenoma”
identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal
Abnormal “ Tubular adenoma”
the arrow in the shown image is indicating
normal colonic epithelium
identify if this colonic mucosa is normal or abnormal
abnormal “ villous adenoma “
Molecular defect in FAP
APC/WNT Pathway
Identify the type of polyp
villous adenoma
Molecular defect in HNPCC
DNA mismatch repair
genetic predisposition of FAP
Autosomal dominant
if FAP is left untreated what is the chance of it developing into CRC
100 % chance
Mutation in which gene is responsible for FAP
APC gene mutation
what is the precautious treatment done in patients with APC gene mutation
prophylactic colectomy
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer is also known as
Lynch syndrome
Genetic predisposition of HNPCC
Autosomal dominant
HNPCC will show mutation in what genes
MSH2 / MLH1
Identify the type of disorder
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
the arrow is indicating
Polypoid exophytic Ulcerative mass
the arrow is indicating
Annular stenosing Ulcerative mass
identify the type of carcinoma
mucinous carcinoma
identify the type of carcinoma
Signet ring carcinoma
identify the type of carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
how closely tumours resemble their tissue of origin is known as
Grading
how far a tumour has spread at the time of
presentation is known as
Staging
Explain what each letter represents in the “ TNM “ staging
T: the extent of the primary tumor
N: LNs metastasis
M: distant metastasis
Identify the grade of adenocarcinoma shown in the image
Undifferentiated (Anaplastic )
Identify & explain the grade of adenocarcinoma shown in the image
Moderately differentiated ,There is still a glandular configuration, but the glands are irregular and very crowded
most common site for metastasis of CRC is
liver
complications of CRC
- spread
- bleeding
- obstruction , perforation , fistula formation , ascites
