P3 Chapter 29 DEVELOPMENT & INHERITANCE Flashcards
Which one represents the blastocyst stage?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
e) E
Where is the amniotic cavity?
a) E
b) D
c) C
d) B
e) A
a) E
Which of the following are major potential teratogens that affect embryonic development?
a) Alcohol
b) Cigarette smoke
c) Various prescription drugs
d) Irradiation
e) All of these
e) All of these
In a heterozygous individual for a certain trait, the dominant allele gives polydactyly. What is the masked, recessive trait in this individual?
a) Normal vision
b) Brachydactyly
c) Normal digits
d) Syndactylism
e) Straight thumb
c) Normal digits
A mother with blood type B and a father with blood type A have four children. One child is type AB, one is A, one is B, and one is type O. Which of the following represents the genotypes of the parents?
a. IAi x IB
i b. IAIA x IBi
c. IAi x IBIB
d. IAIA x IBi
a. IAi x IBi
An embryo develops into a normal baby girl because it
a. is exposed to very high levels of estrogen during development
b. received two X chromosomes from its mother
c. has two copies of the SRY gene
d. lacks the SRY gene
d. lacks the SRY gene
Which condition listed gives rise to sterile females with virtually no ovaries and limited development of secondary sex characteristics?
a) Emesis gravidarum
b) Deformation
c) Turner’s syndrome
d) Breech presentation
e) Klinefelter’s syndrome
c) Turner’s syndrome
Describe the products of the three primary germ layers.
The primary germ layers are the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. The endoderm ultimately develops into tissues such as epithelial linings and associated glands in the respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems. The mesoderm becomes connective tissues, muscle tissues and the dermis. The ectoderm yields the epidermis, the nervous system and some additional epithelial membranes.
Functional changes that sperm undergo in the female reproductive tract which allow them to fertilize a secondary oocyte are termed
a. syngamy
b. fertilization
c. capacitation
d. implantation
c. capacitation
Implantation is the process where the
a. egg is fertilized by the sperm
b. sperm is deposited in the vagina
c. blastocyst attaches to and enters the endometrium
d. cervix becomes plugged with mucus to prevent the entry of more sperm
c. blastocyst attaches to and enters the endometrium
If one parent has type A blood and one parent has type B blood, what blood type is possible for their child?
a) AB
b) A
c) B
d) O
e) All of these choices
e) All of these choices
Which of the following is NOT a change that occurs after birth, as a fetus becomes a newborn baby?
a. the lungs fill with air for the first time
b. the umbilibcal arteries fill with connective tissue
c. the ductus arteriosus provides a connection to the inferior vena caca
d. foramen ovlae closed and becomes the fossa ovalis
c. the ductus arteriosus provides a connection to the inferior vena caca
In a heterozygous individual for a certain trait, the dominant allele gives normal skin pigmentation. What is the masked, recessive trait in this individual?
a) Normal vision
b) Albinism
c) Normal nervous system
d) Polydactyly
e) Cystic fibrosis
b) Albinism
Which condition listed is one of the most common causes of mental retardation and the most common preventable cause of birth defects in the United States?
a) Emesis gravidarum
b) Metafemale syndrome
c) Turner’s syndrome
d) Fetal alcohol syndrome
e) Klinefelter’s syndrome
d) Fetal alcohol syndrome
What stage happens 3–4 days after fertilization?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
c) C
Which condition listed gives rise to individuals that are: somewhat mentally disadvantaged, sterile males with undeveloped testes, scant body hair, and enlarged breasts?
a) Emesis gravidarum
b) Deformation
c) Turner’s syndrome
d) Breech presentation
e) Klinefelter’s syndrome
e) Klinefelter’s syndrome
Amniocentesis can produce results that indicate
a. successful implantation
b. the beginning of a normal pregnancy
c. the presence of certain genetic disorders such as Down syndrome
d. the onset of labor
c. the presence of certain genetic disorders such as Down syndrome
Which cells are derived from the yolk sac and form a connective tissue layer?
a) A
b) B
c) E
d) F
e) G
b) B
The gene for red-green colorblindness is represented by the symbol ‘c’. The normal allele is represented by ‘C’. An individual with the genotype XC Xc would be
a a. color-blind female
b. normal carrier female
c. normal male
d. color-blind male
b. normal carrier female
At the end of the first month of gestation
a. the fetus has fully formed head with properly located eyes and ears
b. subcutaneous fat is lost and lanugo increases in density
c. ossification is complete, blood formation ends
d. arm and leg buds form, heart begins to beat
d. arm and leg buds form, heart begins to beat
At the end of a full-term of pregnancy, the top of the uterus reaches
a. the top of the pelvic rim
b. the level of the umbilicus (navel)
c. the lower surface of the stomach
d. nearly to the xyphoid process of the sternum
d. nearly to the xyphoid process of the sternum
In Klinefelter’s syndrome
a. females are lacking one X chromosome
b. males have an extra X chromosome
c. the extra chromosome 21 results in mental retardation
d. females are characterized by short stature and webbed neck
b. males have an extra X chromosome
Chromosome #15 is considered
a) A sex chromosome
b) An autosome
c) The SRY chromosome
d) A linked gene
e) A transposon
b) An autosome
What exam is performed between 14-16 weeks gestation and is used to detect genetic abnormalities?
a) Sonogram
b) Amniocentesis
c) CVS
d) AFP test
e) CBC
b) Amniocentesis
Involution is
a) When the placenta is expelled
b) When the umbilical cord is cut
c) When the uterus decreases in size
d) When the cervix dilates
e) None of these choices
c) When the uterus decreases in size
Sickle-cell disease is an example of
a. a dominant-recessive trait
b. sex-linked inheritance
c. incomplete dominance
d. multiple allele inheritance
c. incomplete dominance
What connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in infants?
a) Ductus venosus
b) Ductus arteriosus
c) Anteriosum
d) Patent ductus arteriosus
e) Superior vena cava
a) Ductus venosus
An example of incomplete dominance is
a) ABO blood groups
b) Sickle-cell disease
c) Angelman Syndrome
d) Prader-Willi Syndrome
e) PKU
b) Sickle-cell disease
At about 14 days of development the embryonic disc, yolk sac, and amniotic cavity are surrounded by the,
a. umbilical cord
b. extraembryonic coelom
c. inner cell mass
d. uterine cavity
b. extraembryonic coelom
Which condition listed is a malpresentation in which the fetal buttocks or lower limbs present into the maternal pelvis?
a) Emesis gravidarum
b) Deformation
c) Turner’s syndrome
d) breech presentation
e) Klinefelter’s syndrome
d) breech presentation
Which of the following is the time from the onset of labor to the complete dilation of the cervix?
a) Stage of dilation
b) Stage of expulsion
c) Placental stage
d) Gestation
e) Effacement
a) Stage of dilation
When are the three primary germ layers established during pregnancy?
a) First week of development
b) Second week of development
c) Third week of development
d) Fourth week of development
e) Second month of development
c) Third week of development
If a child has B blood, and the mother has B blood, what is the possible genotype of the father?
a) B
b) O
c) AB
d) B or O
e) B, O or AB
e) B, O or AB
Red-green color blindness is a recessive, X-linked trait represented as Xc. (Normal color vision is represented as XC.) If a daughter has red-green color blindness, what must the genotypes of her parents be?
The daughter can only have red-green color blindness if she received two copies of Xc chromosomes. Since her father only has one X chromosome, his genotype must be XcY. The other Xc chromosome had to come from her mother. If her mother has normal color vision, the mother’s genotype is XCXc. However, if the mother is also color blind, the mother’s genotype must be XcXc.
Which of the following is a series of functional changes that sperm go through when they are in the female reproductive tract?
a) Acrosomal reaction
b) Maturation
c) Fertilization
d) Capacitation
e) Polyspermy
d) Capacitation
CVS is taking cells from where?
a) Amnion
b) Chorion
c) Placenta
d) Umbilical cord
e) Uterus
b) Chorion
This is composed of the syncytiotrophoblast and the cytotrophoblast
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
c) C
Which condition listed is a sex chromosome aneuploidy characterized by at least 3 X chromosomes (XXX)?
a) Emesis gravidarum
b) Metafemale syndrome
c) Turner’s syndrome
d) Lethal gene
e) Klinefelter’s syndrome
b) Metafemale syndrome
During pregnancy stroke volume can increase by
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 40%
e) 50%
c) 30%
The developing embryo is surrounded by and bathed in
a. amniotic fluid
b. chorionic fluid
c. fluid in the yolk sac
d. plasma from the mother
a. amniotic fluid
Fertilization normally occurs within which structure?
a) Ovary
b) Fallopian tube
c) Ovarian ligament
d) Body of uterus
e) Vagina
b) Fallopian tube
Describe the process and purpose of amniocentesis
The position of the fetus and placenta is identified via ultrasound and palpation, and the skin is prepared with antiseptic and local anesthetic. A hypodermic needle is inserted through the abdominal wall and uterus to withdraw 10 mL of amniotic fluid from the amniotic cavity. The fluid and cells are examined and biochemically tested for abnormal proteins and chromosome abnormalities that may signal fetal problems and congenital defects.
Which of the terms below describes the beginning or first discernable indication of the development of an organ or structure?
a) Conceptus
b) Primordium
c) Epigenesis
d) Karyotype
e) Fertilization age
b) Primordium