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Biology 235 RN :!: > P2 Chapter 15 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

P2 Chapter 15 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

Interoceptors are found in

a) blood vessels
b) visceral organs
c) muscles
d) all of these choices
e) none of these choices

A

d) all of these choices

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2
Q

Autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by

  1. increasing activities in effector tissue.
  2. decreasing activities in effector tissue.
  3. changing the direction of impulse conduction across synapses.

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) Both 1 and 2
e) None of these choices

A

d) Both 1 and 2

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3
Q

The autonomic nervous system is NOT involved in controlling

a) exocrine glands.
b) skeletal muscle.
c) cardiac muscle.
d) smooth muscle.
e) endocrine glands.

A

b) skeletal muscle.

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4
Q

Which of the following descriptions of a preganglionic neuron is NOT correct?

a) Has axons that exit the CNS in a cranial or spinal nerve.
b) Has myelinated axons.
c) Forms the first part of an autonomic motor pathway.
d) Has its cell body in the brain or spinal cord.
e) Forms gap junctions with postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia.

A

e) Forms gap junctions with postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia.

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5
Q

A postganglionic neuron in the ANS

a) releases neurotransmitter that binds to the effector cell.
b) is the first part of an autonomic motor pathway.
c) has its cell body in the brain or spinal cord.
d) has its axons exiting the CNS through cranial nerves.
e) carries information into the sympathetic chain ganglia.

A

a) releases neurotransmitter that binds to the effector cell.

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6
Q

Which of the following types of neurons would normally have the shortest axon?

a) Somatic motor neurons
b) Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
c) Postganglionic sympathetic neurons
d) Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
e) Somatosensory neurons

A

d) Preganglionic sympathetic neurons

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7
Q

Which of the following does NOT describe the sympathetic division of the ANS?

a) Ganglia primarily found in the head
b) Stimulates sweat glands
c) Synapses with smooth muscle in blood vessel walls
d) Short preganglionic neurons
e) Thoracolumbar output

A

a) Ganglia primarily found in the head

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8
Q

Which of the following does NOT describe the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

a) Long preganglionic neurons
b) Synapses with smooth muscle in blood vessels walls
c) Vagus nerve output
d) Ganglia found near visceral effectors
e) Sacral spinal cord output

A

b) Synapses with smooth muscle in blood vessels walls

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9
Q

Which of the following terms is used to designate an effector that is innervated by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS?

a) Preganglionic stimulation
b) Biganglion excitation
c) Multi-autonomic output
d) Bipolar innervation
e) Dual innervation

A

e) Dual innervation

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sympathetic prevertebral ganglion?

a) Celiac ganglion
b) Ciliary ganglion
c) Superior mesenteric ganglion
d) Inferior mesenteric ganglion
e) All are prevertebral ganglia

A

b) Ciliary ganglion

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic terminal ganglion?

a) Ciliary ganglion
b) Pterygopalatine ganglion
c) Submandibular ganglion
d) Otic ganglion
e) All are parasympathetic terminal ganglia

A

e) All are parasympathetic terminal ganglia

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12
Q

The largest autonomic plexus is called the

a) superior mesenteric plexus.
b) renal plexus.
c) cardiac plexus.
d) celiac plexus.
e) hypogastric plexus.

A

d) celiac plexus.

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13
Q

Which autonomic plexus is located anterior to the fifth lumbar vertebra and serves the pelvic viscera?

a) Inferior mesenteric plexus
b) Renal plexus
c) Celiac plexus
d) Hypogastric plexus
e) Superior mesenteric plexus

A

d) Hypogastric plexus

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14
Q

) Which of the following are structures containing sympathetic preganglionic axons that connect the anterior ramus of the spinal nerve with the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk?

a) Lumbar splanchnic nerve
b) Greater splanchnic nerve
c) Inferior cervical ganglion
d) White rami communicantes
e) Gray rami communicantes

A

d) White rami communicantes

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15
Q

Which ganglia contain the cell bodies of the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons that serve the parotid salivary glands?

a) Ciliary ganglia
b) Pterygopalatine ganglia
c) Submandibular ganglia
d) Otic ganglia
e) None of these choices

A

d) Otic ganglia

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16
Q

The two main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are

a) nicotine and adrenaline.
b) muscarine and acetylcholine.
c) norepinephrine and muscarine.
d) norepinephrine and acetylcholine.
e) somatostatin and nicotine.

A

d) norepinephrine and acetylcholine.

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17
Q

) Acetylcholine is released by _____ postganglionic neurons and is removed from the synaptic cleft at a _____ rate than norepinephrine.

a) sympathetic; slower
b) sympathetic; faster
c) parasympathetic; slower
d) parasympathetic; faster
e) both parasympathetic and sympathetic; slower

A

d) parasympathetic; faster

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18
Q

Which of the following are types of cholinergic receptors?

a) Nicotinic and adrenergic receptors
b) Muscarinic and somatic receptors
c) Adrenergic and somatic receptors
d) Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
e) Somatostatic and nicotinic receptors

A

d) Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

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19
Q

Autonomic tone is regulated by the

a) medulla oblongata.
b) cerebellum.
c) cerebrum.
d) vermis.
e) hypothalamus.

A

e) hypothalamus

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20
Q

Which of the following responses is NOT caused by activation of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

a) Decreased heart rate
b) Airway dilation
c) Decreased pupil diameter
d) Increased secretion of digestive juices
e) Increased gastric motility

A

b) Airway dilation

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21
Q

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the longer lasting and more widespread effects observed with sympathetic activation versus parasympathetic activation?

a) Norepinephrine is more slowly removed from synapses than ACh.
b) Additional norepinephrine is released from the adrenal gland.
c) Greater divergence occurs in sympathetic neural pathways.
d) Blood flow to the hypothalamus is decreased when sympathetic activation occurs.

A

d) Blood flow to the hypothalamus is decreased when sympathetic activation occurs.

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22
Q

Which of the following responses is NOT caused by activation of the sympathetic division?

a) Increased heart rate
b) Airway constriction
c) Decreased blood flow to kidneys and gastrointestinal tract
d) Increased blood flow to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, liver and fat
e) Increased blood glucose level

A

b) Airway constriction

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23
Q

What region does the superior cervical ganglion primarily serve?

a) Abdominal
b) Pelvic
c) Skin
d) Head
e) None of these choices

A

d) Head

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24
Q

Which ganglion supplies the stomach with postganglionic neurons?

a) Middle cervical ganglion
b) Inferior cervical ganglion
c) Celiac ganglion
d) Inferior mesenteric ganglion
e) Ciliary ganglion

A

c) Celiac ganglion

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25
Q

Which nerve supplies the inferior mesenteric ganglion with preganglionic neurons?

a) Lumbar splanchnic nerve
b) Lesser splanchnic nerve
c) Greater splanchnic nerve
d) Cardiac accelerator
e) Phrenic nerve

A

a) Lumbar splanchnic nerve

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26
Q

The superior mesenteric ganglion receives nervous input from the

a) lesser splanchnic nerve.
b) least splanchnic nerve.
c) greater thoracic splanchnic nerve
d) a and b only
e) a, b, and c

A

d) a and b only

27
Q

Preganglionic neurons are supplied to the submandibular ganglion by which cranial nerve?

a) Oculomotor (III) nerve (cranial nerve III)
b) Facial (VII) nerve (cranial nerve VII)
c) Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve (cranial nerve IX)
d) Vagus (X) nerve (cranial nerve X)
e) None of these choices

A

b) Facial (VII) nerve (cranial nerve VII)

28
Q

Postganglionic neurons from the otic ganglion supply the

a) parotid gland.
b) heart.
c) lungs.
d) liver.
e) ureter.

A

a) parotid gland.

29
Q

Which of the following nerves provides innervation for the external genitals?

a) Oculomotor (III) nerve (cranial nerve III)
b) Facial (VII) nerve (cranial nerve VII)
c) Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve (cranial nerve IX)
d) Vagus (X) nerve (cranial nerve X)
e) Pelvic splanchnic nerve

A

e) Pelvic splanchnic nerve

30
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the liver occurs through

a) oculomotor (III) nerve (cranial nerve III).
b) facial (VII) nerve (cranial nerve VII).
c) glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve (cranial nerve IX).
d) vagus (X) nerve (cranial nerve X).
e) pelvic splanchnic nerve.

A

d) vagus (X) nerve (cranial nerve X).

31
Q

if an Autonomic motor pathway is a sympathetic division pathway, which neurotransmitter acts at the effector?

a) Norepinephrine
b) Acetylcholine
c) Epinephrine
d) Dopamine
e) Serotonin

A

a) Norepinephrine

32
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released at the gland by the preganglionic neuron?

a) Norepinephrine
b) Acetylcholine
c) Epinephrine
d) Dopamine
e) Serotonin

A

b) Acetylcholine

33
Q

Which disorder is characterized by an exaggerated response of the sympathetic division of the ANS that occurs in most individuals with spinal cord injury at or above T6?

a) Raynaud’s phenomenon
b) Autonomic dysreflexia
c) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
d) Diabetic neuropathy
e) Horner’s Syndrome

A

b) Autonomic dysreflexia

34
Q

Which disorder is a type of neuropathy often caused by long term diabetes mellitus?

a) Raynaud’s phenomenon
b) Autonomic dysreflexia
c) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
d) Diabetic neuropathy
e) Horner’s Syndrome

A

d) Diabetic neuropathy

35
Q

Which disorder involves the loss of sympathetic innervation to one side of the face due to inherited mutation, injury or disease?

a) Raynaud’s phenomenon
b) Autonomic dysreflexia
c) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
d) Diabetic neuropathy
e) Horner’s Syndrome

A

e) Horner’s Syndrome

36
Q

Thoracolumbar is another name for which division of ANS?

a) Parasympathetic
b) Sympathetic
c) Somatic nervous system
d) Autonomic ganglia
e) Craniosacral division

A

b) Sympathetic

37
Q

Which division of the ANS innervates the sweat glands and the hair follicles?

a) Parasympathetic
b) Sympathetic
c) Neither division innervates these effectors
d) Both divisions innervate these effectors

A

b) Sympathetic

38
Q

Which endocrine gland is directly innervated by sympathetic preganglionic axons?

a) Pituitary gland
b) Hypothalamus
c) Pancreas
d) Adrenal gland
e) Thyroid gland

A

b) Hypothalamus

39
Q

Which of the following types of adrenergic receptors are only found in brown adipose tissue where their activation stimulates heat production?

a) α1-adrenergic
b) α2-adrenergic
c) β1-adrenergic
d) β2-adrenergic
e) β3-adrenergic

A

e) β3-adrenergic

40
Q

Which of the following types of adrenergic receptors are found on cardiac muscle fibers where their activation stimulates increased force and rate of contraction of the heart?

a) α1-adrenergic
b) α2-adrenergic
c) β1-adrenergic
d) β2-adrenergic
e) β3-adrenergic

A

c) β1-adrenergic

41
Q

The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla possess what type of receptor that makes them responsive to the ACh released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

a) muscarinic receptors
b) nicotinic receptors
c) β1-adrenergic
d) β2-adrenergic
e) β3-adrenergic

A

b) nicotinic receptors

42
Q

Which of the following statements describes a common response of an autonomic effector during the “fight-or-flight” response?

a) Gastric motility and secretory activity increases.
b) Blood vessels serving skeletal muscles constrict.
c) Adipose tissues stores away triglycerides for later use.
d) The pupils of the eyes dilate.
e) Blood vessels serving the kidneys and digestive organs dilate.

A

d) The pupils of the eyes dilate.

43
Q

Which of the following lists the components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper sequence of activation?

a) receptor – sensory neuron – integrating center – motor neuron – effector
b) receptor – motor neuron – integrating center – sensory neuron – effector
c) effector – sensory neuron – integrating center – motor neuron – receptor
d) integrating center – receptor – sensory neuron – motor neuron – effector
e) receptor – sensory neuron – motor neuron – effector – integrating center

A

a) receptor – sensory neuron – integrating center – motor neuron – effector

44
Q

One of the main differences between a somatic reflex and autonomic reflex is the type of effectors that are activated. The effectors in somatic reflexes are _____, while the effectors in autonomic reflexes are _____.

a) skeletal muscles; smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
b) striated muscles; smooth muscle and glands
c) skeletal muscles and glands; smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
d) glands; skeletal muscles, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle
e) skeletal muscles; smooth muscle only

A

a) skeletal muscles; smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

45
Q

Which the following regions of the brain serve as the major control and integration center of the ANS?

a) cerebrum
b) cerebellulum
c) thalamus
d) hypothalamus
e) pituitary

A

d) hypothalamus

46
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse in

a. paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia
b. paravertebral and terminal ganglia
c. prevertebral and terminal ganglia
d. intramural and collateral ganglia

A

a. paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia

47
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers leave the paravertebral ganglia by way of the

a. intervertebral foramina
b. gray rami
c. white rami
d. sympathetic trunk

A

b. gray rami

48
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic axons are associated with cranial nerves

a. III, VI, X, XI
b. III, VII, IX, X
c. II, III, X
d. VII, IX, X, XII

A

b. III, VII, IX, X

49
Q

Parasympathetic fibers associated with cranial nerve VII synapse in which terminal ganglia before continuing to their visceral effectors?

a. ciliary and prevertebral
b. submandibular and pterygopalatine
c. intramural and collateral
d. paravertebral

A

b. submandibular and pterygopalatine

50
Q

Which of the following is a drug classified as a non-specific beta blocker that reduces heart rate and force of contraction?

a. acetylcholinesterase
b. muscarine
c. propranolol
d. epinephrine

A

c. propranolol

51
Q

Nerve fibers that originate within the central nervous system and innervate the visceral organs are classified as

a. somatic afferent nerves
b. somatic efferent nerves
c. general visceral sensory (afferent) nerves
d. autonomic motor (visceral efferent) nerves

A

d. autonomic motor (visceral efferent) nerves

52
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is true?

a. fibers arise from the brain and sacral portion of the cord
b. preganglionic neurons synapse at or near the organ to be innervated
c. most presynaptic fibers are very short
d. fibers are associated with cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X

A

c. most presynaptic fibers are very short

53
Q

All postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the _____ ganglion go to structures in the head

a. superior cervical
b. ciliary
c. pterygopalatine
d. thoracic

A

a. superior cervical

54
Q

Nerve fibers of the sympathetic division originate in the

a. brain and sacral region of the spinal cord
b. thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord
c. brain and thoracic region of the spinal cord
d. sacral and lumbar region of the spinal cord

A

b. thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord

55
Q

Which autonomic ganglion is associated with the superior mesenteric artery?

a. celiac
b. lesser splanchnic
c. hypogastric
d. superior mesenteric

A

d. superior mesenteric

56
Q

The cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the ANS are located in the

a. terminal ganglia
b. visceral organs
c. CNS
d. paravertebral ganglia

A

c. CNS

57
Q

Which of the following are parasympathetic nerves?

a. greater splanchnic nerves
b. lesser splanchnic nerves
c. lumbar splanchnic nerves
d. pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

d. pelvic splanchnic nerves

58
Q

Preganglionic fibers to the ciliary ganglion are associated with cranial nerve

a. III
b. IV
c. VII
d. IX

A

a. III

59
Q

Adrenergic neurons release

a. monoamine oxidase
b. norepinephrine
c. acetylcholine
d. GABA

A

b. norepinephrine

60
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers make synapses in the

a. brain stem
b. terminal ganglia
c. lumbar cord
d. prevertebral ganglia

A

b. terminal ganglia

61
Q

Which cranial nerve contains mostly parasympathetic nerves?

a. trochlear
b. optic
c. vagus
d. olfactory

A

c. vagus

62
Q

. Which of the following is true of adrenergic fibers?

a. They use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter
b. They include all preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons
c. They have both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors on effectors
d. They are stimulated during the “fight-or-flight” response

A

d. They are stimulated during the “fight-or-flight” response

63
Q

The adrenergic receptors for norepinephrine and epinephrine are

a. nicotinic and muscarinic
b. beta and nicotinic
c. alpha and beta
d. nicotinic and beta

A

c. alpha and beta

Biology 235 RN :!: (29 decks)

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