P3 Chapter 27 ELECTROLYTES Flashcards
The largest volume of body fluid is located
a. in plasma
b. in lymph
c. within cells
d. between cells
c. within cells
Bone, DNA, RNA, ATP, and cell membranes all have one thing in common. They all contain _____
a. sulfur
b. calcium
c. phosphate
d. magnesium
c. phosphate
Intracellular fluid has
a. a higher concentration of potassium than interstitial fluid
b. a lower concentration of protein anions than plasma
c. a higher concentration of bicarbonate than plasma
d. approximately the same concentrations of sodium, chloride, and potassium as plasma
a. a higher concentration of potassium than interstitial fluid
Parathyroid hormone
a. is released when clood calcium level rises
b. stimulates osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclasts
c. causes the cells of the nephron to reabsorb phosphate
d. causes renal tubule cells to reabsorb calcium
d. causes renal tubule cells to reabsorb calcium
Lower than normal blood concentration of sodium is
a. called hypernatremia
b. characterized by muscular weakness, tachycardia, and dizziness
c. characterized by thirst, restlessness, agitation, and coma
d. due to the fact that most people do not consume enough sodium
b. characterized by muscular weakness, tachycardia, and dizziness
Levels of which of the following are regulated by aldosterone?
a. carbonic acid
b. water
c. magnesium
d. sodium
d. sodium
Electrolytes
a. dissociate into anions and cations
b. generally have covalent bonds
c. include glucose, urea, and creatine
d. are usually organic compounds
a. dissociate into anions and cations
Which of the following is true concerning sodium ions?
a. They represent about 90 percent of extracellular anions
b. They combine with chloride ions in gastric glands to form hydrochloric acid
c. They are necessary for generation of action potentials
d. Excess ions are stored by the kidneys
c. They are necessary for generation of action potentials
Reabsorption of sodium from the tubules of the nephron establishes an osmotic gradient that causes _____ to move back into the blood
a. salt
b. water
c. magnesium,
d. calcium
b. water
The cerebrospinal fluid in the brain is classified as
a. intracellular fluid
b. lymph
c. extracellular fluid
d. plasma
c. extracellular fluid
Which one of the following chemicals is a not an electrolyte?
a. calcium phosphate
b. potassium chloride
c. sodium bicarbonate
d. glucose
d. glucose
The most revalent cation in plasma is _______whereas the most prevalent anion in intraceullular fluid is _______
a. sodium; chloride
b. potassium; phosphate
c. sodium; phosphate
d. potassium; chloride
c. sodium; phosphate
A patient whose blood pH is 7.5, whose concentration of HCO3- in arterial blood is 25 mEq/liter, and whose partial pressure of CO2 is 32 mm Hg in arterial blood is experienceing ________alkalosis?
a. uncompensated metabolic
b. compensated metabolic
c. uncompensated respiratory
d. compensated respiratory
c. uncompensated respiratory
A person having a panic attack is hyperventilating (breathing in and out more air than normal), which is causing an increase in his blood ________.
a. pH
b. H+
c. partial pressure of CO2
d. partial pressure of CO2 and H+
a. pH
The most abundant buffer system inside body cells and in plasma is the
a. carbonic acid buffer system
b. phosphate buffer system
c. sodium bicarbonate buffer system
d. protein buffer system
d. protein buffer system
The only way the body can get rid of the huge load of hydrogen ions produced by metabolic reactions that produce nonvolatile acids is to
a. increase the concentration of bicarbonate ions
b. breathe faster and more deeply
c. excrete the hydrogen ions in the urine
d. increase the concentration of proteins in the plasma
c. excrete the hydrogen ions in the urine
How much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid?
a) 10%
b) 50%
c) 1/3
d) 2/3
e) 99%
d) 2/3
80% of the extracellular fluid is
a) Plasma
b) Cytosol
c) Interstitial fluid
d) Lymph
e) Bile
c) Interstitial fluid
Which of the following makes up the largest single component of the human body?
a) Skin
b) Water
c) Blood
d) Organs
e) Electrolytes
b) Water
Which of the following is produced when electrons are accepted by oxygen during cellular respiration?
a) Anions
b) Cations
c) Metabolic water
d) Lipids
e) Carbohydrates
c) Metabolic water
Which of the following occurs when water loss is greater than water gain?
a) Dehydration
b) Evaporation
c) Precipitation
d) Insensible loss
e) None of these choices
a) Dehydration
The response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT cause which of the following?
a) Dehydration
b) Formation of angiotensin II
c) Stimulate the kidneys to secrete rennin
d) Formation of ADH
e) Increased vasoconstriction
e) Increased vasoconstriction
Which of the following is the main factor that determines body fluid volume?
a) Thirst center
b) Fluid balance
c) Urinary salt loss
d) Compartmentalizing
e) None of these choices
c) Urinary salt loss
Which of the following is used to promote Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys?
a) Antidiuretic hormone
b) ANP
c) Aldosterone
d) Parathyroid hormone
e) All of these choices
c) Aldosterone
Which of the following is used to promote water reabsorption by the kidneys?
a) Antidiuretic hormone
b) ANP
c) Aldosterone
d) Parathyroid hormone
e) All of these choices
a) Antidiuretic hormone
Natriuresis
a) Is decreased Na+ levels in urine
b) Is decreased Cl- levels in urine
c) Is increased K+ levels in urine
d) Is increased PO- levels in urine
e) None of these choices
e) None of these choices