P2 Chapter 11 MUSCLES Flashcards
Most muscles cross at least one
a) tendon
b) joint
c) bone
d) ligament
e) body plane
b) joint
The attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary bone is called the _____; the attachment of the muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone is called the _____.
a) origin, action
b) insertion, action
c) origin, insertion
d) insertion, origin
e) insertion, action
c) origin, insertion
A lever is acted on at two different points by two different forces which are called the
a) fulcrum and resistance.
b) leverage and load.
c) lever and resistance.
d) effort and load.
e) lever and effort.
d) effort and load.
Motion will occur in a muscle when the _____ supplied exceeds the _____.
a) effort, load
b) resistance, lever
c) load, effort
d) load, resistance
e) lever, effort
a) effort, load
Which of the following is NOT a common arrangement of muscle fascicles?
a) pennate
b) triangular
c) oval
d) parallel
e) fusiform
c) oval
This type of fascicle arrangement has the fascicles spread over a broad area and converges at a thick central tendon.
a) triangular
b) pennate
c) circular
d) fusiform
e) multipennate
a) triangular
The muscle that serves as the “prime mover” during a movement is called the
a) antagonist.
b) agonist.
c) synergist.
d) asynergist.
e) fixator.
b) agonist.
This type of muscle works by stabilizing the origin of the agonist so that it can act more efficiently.
a) synergist
b) agonist
c) antagonist
d) fixator
e) secondary mover
d) fixator
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic commonly used to name skeletal muscles?
a) Size
b) Shape
c) Number of origins
d) Sites of origins
e) Thickness of fibres
e) Thickness of fibres
If one is stabbed on the lateral side of the abdomen, what abdominal muscles, in order from superficial to deep, will the knife go through?
a) rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique
b) external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
c) transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, external oblique
d) external oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis
e) internal oblique, transversus abdominis, external oblique
b) external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
Protrusion of an organ through a structure that normally contains it is referred to as a
a) hernia.
b) goiter.
c) strain.
d) sprain.
e) hydrocele.
a) hernia.
A condition where the two eyeballs are not properly aligned is referred to as
a) inguinal hernia.
b) strabismus.
c) presbyopia.
d) myopia.
e) hypermetropia.
b) strabismus.
A muscle that has three origins is called a
a) biceps.
b) triceps.
c) quadriceps.
d) deltoid.
e) trapezius.
b) triceps.
A muscle that raises or elevates a body part is called a
a) pronator.
b) tensor.
c) flexor.
d) depressor.
e) levator.
e) levator.
A muscle that decreases the size of an opening is a
a) rotator.
b) tensor.
c) pronator.
d) sphincter.
e) depressor.
d) sphincter.
Contraction of this muscle presses the cheeks against the teeth and lips as would be observed in whistling, blowing or sucking.
a) buccinator
b) zygomaticus
c) frontalis
d) epicranius
e) occipitalis
a) buccinator
All of the following are muscles that move the eyeball EXCEPT
a) superior rectus.
b) lateral rectus.
c) inferior oblique.
d) internal oblique.
e) superior oblique.
d) internal oblique.
Which of the following is a muscle whose insertion is found on the clavicle and acromion process of the scapula within the pectoral girdle?
a) trapezius
b) pectoralis major
c) latissimus dorsi
d) gracilus
e) sartorius
a) trapezius
All of the following are muscles of the lower limb EXCEPT the
a) deltoid.
b) adductor magnus.
c) adductor longus.
d) quadriceps femoris.
e) vastus medialis.
a) deltoid.
Based on its name, which of the following best describes characteristics of the biceps femoris muscle?
a) has two insertions and found in lower leg
b) has two bellies and found in the upper leg
c) has two origins and found in the upper leg
d) has two origins and found in the upper arm
e) has two insertions and found in the upper leg
c) has two origins and found in the upper leg
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris muscle group?
a) rectus femoris
b) biceps femoris
c) vastus medialis
d) vastus lateralis
e) vastus intermedius
b) biceps femoris
This muscle, which is found in the neck, functions to elevate the hyoid bone and help press the tongue against the roof of the mouth during swallowing.
a) mylohyoid
b) sternothryroid
c) sternocleidomastoid
d) digastric
e) masseter
a) mylohyoid
The sternocleidomastoid muscles flex the neck, and the splenius cervices muscles extend it. What is the relationship between these muscles when bowing your head?
a) The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover, and the splenius cervices in the fixator
b) The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover, and the splenius cervices is the synergist.
c) The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover, and the splenius cervices is the antagonist
d) The sternocleidomastoid is the fixator and the splenius services is the prime mover
e) The sternocleidomastoid is the synergist and the splenius cervices id the is fixator
a) The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover, and the splenius cervices in the fixator
Which of the following is true?
a) The origin of a muscle on a limb is usually proximal to it intersection
b) A muscle must cover the limb or other body part it moves
c) Muscles crossing one joint have more complex actions then those crossing two joints
d) A and B are correct.
e) A,B and C are correct
a) The origin of a muscle on a limb is usually proximal to it intersection
Which of the following muscles is used in forceful breathing?
a) Diaphragm
b) External intercostals
c) Internal intercostals
d) A and B are correct
e) A, B and C are correct
e) A, B and C are correct
Which of the following actions does the deltoid perform?
a) Adduction of the arm
b) Abduction of the arm
c) Flexion of the forearm
d) Extension of the forearm
e) Both abduction of the arm and flexion of the forearm
b) Abduction of the arm
What action does the Gluteus Maximus do?
a) Abducts thigh at the hip joint and medially rotates thigh
b) Extends thigh at the hip joint and laterally rotates thigh
c) Flexes thigh at the hip joint
d) Flexes leg at knee joint
e) Adduct and flexes thigh at hip joint
b) Extends thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates thigh
The origin is the point of muscle attachment that is __________.
A) stationary
B) moveable
C) synergistic
A) stationary
Which of the following would be antagonistic to the biceps brachii?
A) brachialis
B) palmaris longus
C) triceps brachii
C) triceps brachii
The insertion is the point of muscle attachment that is __________.
a) stationary
b) moveable
c) synergistic
b) moveable
if muscle A contracts and causes movement of some sort, and muscle B helps muscle A accomplish this task, and muscle C does the opposite of A, then muscle A is a(n) __________ muscle, muscle B is a __________ muscle, and muscle C is a(n) __________ muscle.
a) antagonist; synergist; prime mover
b) prime mover; synergist; antagonist
c) synergist; prime mover; antagonist
b) prime mover; synergist; antagonist
Which of the following terms do NOT describe the shape of a muscle?
a) rhomboid
b) rectus
c) deltoid
b) rectus
Which of the following muscles are named according to both the insertion and origin?
a) rectus femoris
b) tibialis anterior
c) coracobrachialis
c) coracobrachialis
Sphincter muscles consist of which arrangement of fascicles?
a) parallel
b) circular
c) pennate
b) circular
When the arm is flexed, the biceps brachii bulges in the middle. This type of muscle consists of __________ fascicles.
a) parallel
b) circular
c) pennate
a) parallel
Which of the following muscles is lateral to the palmaris longus?
a) flexor carpi radialis
b) flexor carpi ulnaris
c) extensor carpi radialis
a) flexor carpi radialis
Which of the following muscles angles across the anterior leg, beginning at the lateral edges of the hip to the medial side of the leg and inserts on the tibia just inferior to the patella?
a) gracilis
b) sartorius
c) rectus femoris
b) sartorius
Which of the following muscles is part of the quadriceps group?
a) sartorius
b) semitendinosus
c) rectus femoris
c) rectus femoris
Which of the following muscles lie deep to the biceps brachii?
a) brachialis
b) triceps brachii
c) palmaris longus
a) brachialis
The most medial muscle of the thigh is the __________.
a) gracilis
b) biceps femoris
c) adductor longus
a) gracilis
Which of the following muscles is a lateral muscle of the posterior thigh?
a) semitendinosus
b) biceps femoris
c) adductor magnus
b) biceps femoris
What is the name of the muscle that is in the center of the anterior neck and extends from the sternum to the hyoid bone?
a) mentalis
b) omohyoid
c) sternohyoid
c) sternohyoid
What is the name of the muscle that extends from the fascia of the masseter to the corner of the lips?
a) risorius
b orbicularis oris
c) levator labii superiori
a) risorius
There are three major muscles making up the erector spinae group. Which of the following is the most medial?
a) spinalis
b) longissimus
c) iliocostalis
a) spinalis
Which of the following is a lower back muscle that inserts on the humerus?
a) trapezius
b) rhomboid major
c) latissimus dorsi
c) latissimus dorsi
Which of the following statements is true?
a) The gastrocnemius is deep to the soleus.
b) The semitendinosus is lateral to the biceps femoris.
c) The adductor longus is anterior to the adductor magnus.
c) The adductor longus is anterior to the adductor magnus.
Which of the following statements is true?
a) The gastrocnemius is deep to the soleus.
b) The gastrocnemius is lateral to the soleus.
c) The gastrocnemius is superficial to the soleus.
c) The gastrocnemius is superficial to the soleus.
Which muscle is the most medial?
a) pectineus
b) iliopsoas
c) adductor longus
c) adductor longus
Which of the following muscles will close the jaw upon contraction?
a) masseter
b) platysma
c) orbicularis oris
a) masseter
Which of the following muscles abducts the arm?
a) deltoid
b) biceps brachii
c) pectoralis major
a) deltoid
Which of the following muscles will adduct the thigh?
a) gracilis
b) rectus femoris
c) tensor fasciae latae
a) gracilis
The intercostals are __________ muscles.
a) rib
b) abdominal
c) lower back
a) rib
Which of the following muscles are antagonistic muscles?
a) platysma and masseter
b) pectoralis minor and serratus anterior
c) flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
a) platysma and masseter
Which of the following is NOT a part of the quadriceps group?
a) rectus femoris
b) biceps femoris
c) vastus lateralis
b) biceps femoris
Which of the following statements is true?
a) The soleus is deep to the gastrocnemius.
b) The palmaris longus is deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis.
c) The sartorius angles from the hip to the lateral edge of the patella and then inserts on the tibial tuberosity.
a)The soleus is deep to the gastrocnemius.
During inhalation, the ribs are elevated and the diaphragm muscle contracts (depresses). What is the name of the rib muscles involved in the process of inhalation?
a) pectoralis major
b) external intercostals
c) internal intercostals
c) internal intercostals
The rhomboid major and minor muscles are deep to the __________.
a) trapezius
b) latissimus dorsi
c) pectoralis major
a) trapezius
The brachialis muscle is deep to the __________.
a) biceps brachii
b) triceps brachii
c) coracobrachialis
a) biceps brachii
The flexor digitorum profundus is deep to the __________.
a) brachioradialis
b) flexor carpi ulnaris
c) extensor carpi ulnaris
b) flexor carpi ulnaris
The adductor brevis is __________ to the adductor magnus.
a) deep
b) lateral
c) superior
c) superior
The adductor brevis is deep to the __________.
a) pectineus
b) biceps femoris
c) rectus femoris
c) rectus femoris
Which of the following are the four muscles comprising the quadriceps (quadriceps femoris)?
a) sartorius, iliopsoas, adductor longus, and pectineus
b) rectus femoris, sartorius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis
c) rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medialis and vastus intermed
c) rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medialis and vastus intermed
Tendinitis of the tibialis posterior can result in a painful condition commonly known as
a. pulled hamstrings
b. painful heel syndrome
c. shinsplints
d. stress fractures
c. shinsplints
- Which of the following is true?
a. Muscles that extend and supinate the forearm are all innervated by the radial or deep radial nerves
b. The palmaris brevis extends the palm
c. The anterior, middle, and posterior scalenes all extend the vertebral column
d. Extensors are generally longer and stronger than flexors
a. Muscles that extend and supinate the forearm are all innervated by the radial or deep radial nerves
The thenar eminence
a. includes palmaris brevis and abductor digiti minimi
b. consists of muscles involved with movement of the little finger
c. consists of muscles innervated exclusively by the ulnar nerve
d. consists of muscles that contribute to opposition of the thumb and little finger
d. consists of muscles that contribute to opposition of the thumb and little finger
The origin is
a. the attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone
b. the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone
c. the fleshy portion of a muscle between tendons
d. the part of the muscle that crosses the joint
b. the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone
A runner suffers a pulled hamstring. Which of the following muscles might be involved?
a. rectus femoris
b. vastus lateralis
c. vastus medialis
d. biceps femoris
d. biceps femoris
A muscle which functions as the prime mover is called a(n)
a. antagonist
b. fixator
c. agonist
d. third class lever
c. agonist
Which of the following is true concerning the quadriceps femoris?
a. It consists of four muscles located in the leg
b. All four muscles in this group function to extend the leg
c. All four heads function to flex the thigh
d. All of the muscles in this group are innervated by the tibial nerve
b. All four muscles in this group function to extend the leg
In order for skeletal muscles to cause movement they must
a. be associated with an aponeurosis
b. consist of long fibers
c. act as fixators
d. cross at least one joint
d. cross at least one joint
The flexor pollicis longus has its insertion on the
a. calcaneus
b. trapezius
c. thumb
d. pubis
c. thumb
The rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis all have one function in common. What is it?
a. All are classified architecturally as parallel muscles
b. All are on the posterior surface of the body
c. They are the only muscles never to undergo tetanus
d. All function to compress the abdomen
d. All function to compress the abdomen
Which of the following is true of synergistic muscle groups?
a. They contract together for coordinated movement
b. They are usually on the opposite of a limb
c. Examples are triceps brachii and biceps brachii
d. They are always red muscles
a. They contract together for coordinated movement
Which of the following is an example of a bipennate muscle?
a. rectus abdominis
b. deltoid
c. gastrocnemius
d. rectus femoris
d. rectus femoris
An example of a circular muscle is the
a. deltoid
b. sartorius
c. biceps brachii
d. orbicularis oris
d. orbicularis oris
Antagonistic muscle groups
a. are usually located on the same side of a limb
b. perform opposite functions
c. are usually circular muscles
d. contract together to perform a coordinated movement
b. perform opposite functions
The maximum ability to move the bones of a joint through an arc is
a. range of motion
b. leverage
c. resistance
d. synergism
a. range of motion
The deltoid muscle is
a. unipennate
b. bipennate
c. multipennate
d. fusiform
c. multipennate
Muscles that hold the scapula firmly in place while the forearm moves are called the
a. adductors
b. prime movers
c. antagonists
d. fixators
d. fixators
An adductor muscle
a. decreases the angle of a joint
b. rotates a bone around its long axis
c. moves a part of the body toward the midline
d. decreases the size of an opening in the body
c. moves a part of the body toward the midline
The gracilis muscle is located in the
a. leg
b. thigh
c. abdomen
d. forearm
b. thigh
The masseter muscle is located in the
a. head
b. neck
c. abdomen
d. forearm
a. head
A muscle of the head that is divided into two parts, separated by an aponeurosis is the
a. masseter
b. temporalis
c. zygomaticus major
d. epicranius
d. epicranius
Movement of the lower lip in a pouting position, elevated and protruded is caused by the action of the
a. orbicularis oris muscle
b. lmasseter muscle
c. mentalis muscle
d. levator labii superioris muscle
c. mentalis muscle
Which muscle is contracted when you open your eyes (elevate the upper eyelid)?
a. levator labii superioris
b. levator palpebrae superioris
c. orbicularis oculi
d. corrugator supercilii
b. levator palpebrae superioris
Which muscle is attached to (inserts on) the corners of the mouth?
a. risorius
b. mentalis
c. levator labii superioris
d. frontalis
a. risorius
Which broad, flat muscle covers the mandible and the sides of the throat region?
a. masseter
b. frontalis
c. occipitalis
d. platysma
d. platysma
Which broad, flat muscle originates on the bone over the ears?
a. masseter
b. platysma
c. temporalis
d. occipitalis
c. temporalis
A muscle that moves the lower jaw and that is named after its origin is the
a. digastric
b. lateral pterygoid
c. masseter
d. platysma
b. lateral pterygoid
The inferior rectus muscle
a. rolls the eyeball down
b. moves the eyeball upward and laterally
c. keeps the eyeball erect
d. rolls the eyeball medially
a. rolls the eyeball down
All of the extrinsic muscles that move the eyeball insert on the
a. bones of the orbit of the eye
b. optic nerve
c. sclera of the eyeball
d. sphenoid bone
c. sclera of the eyeball
The hyoglossus muscle is named after its
a. action
b. shape
c. origin and insertion
d. location
c. origin and insertion
A muscle of the floor of the oral cavity that has two origins is the
a. digastric muscle
b. stylohyoid muscle
c. mylohyoid muscle
d. geniohyoid muscle
a. digastric muscle
The action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is antagonistic to the
a. longissimus capitis muscle
b. masseter muscle
c. temporal muscle
d. digastric muscle
a. longissimus capitis muscle
The transversus abdominis muscle is located ________ to the internal oblique muscle
a. lateral
b. deep
c. superficial
d. medial
b. deep
Which muscle flexes the vertebral column?
a. quadratus lumborum
b. trapezius
c. pectoralis major
d. rectus abdominis
d. rectus abdominis
The diaphragm muscle inserts on the
a. first three thoracic vertebrae
b. a strong aponeurosis called the central tendon
c. the inferior border of the eleventh and twelfth ribs
d. the first lumbar vertebra
b. a strong aponeurosis called the central tendon
. The levator ani and the coccygeus muscles together
a. open the anus
b. draw the organs of the pelvis into the abdominal cavity
c. support and slightly raise the pelvic floor
d. function only during childbirth in the female
c. support and slightly raise the pelvic floor
The most lateral muscle of the pelvic diaphragm is the
a. coccygeus
b. levator ani
c. pubococcygeus
d. iliococcygeus
a. coccygeus
The base of the penis is surrounded by the _________ muscle
a. ischiocavernosus
b. coccygeus
c. bulbospongiosus
d. external anal sphincter
c. bulbospongiosus
Part of the insertion of the trapezius muscle is on the
a. occipital bone
b. cervical vertebrae
c. sternum
d. clavicle
d. clavicle
A muscle that acts only on the clavicle is the
a. pectoralis minor
b. rhomboideus minor
c. subclavius
d. serratus anterior
c. subclavius
Which muscle of the pectoral girdle acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration?
a. pectoralis minor
b. subclavius
c. trapezius
d. levator scapulae
a. pectoralis minor
Which muscle inserts on the largest number of ribs?
a. subclavius
b. pectoralis minor
c. rhomboideus major
d. serratus anterior
d. serratus anterior
Which muscle of the pectoral girdle has the broadest origin?
a. rhomboideus major
b. pectoralis minor
c. trapezius
d. levator scapulae
c. trapezius
The latissimus dorsi and the pectoralis major muscles originate on the
a. scapula
b. ribs
c. humerus
d. axial skeleton.
d. axial skeleton.
The strength and stability of the shoulder joint is provided by the
a. deltoid muscle
b. shape of the articulating bones and ligaments
c. muscles and tendons of the rotator cuff
d. latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major muscles
c. muscles and tendons of the rotator cuff
Which muscle that crosses the shoulder joint moves the arm in the greatest number of different directions?
a. teres major
b. deltoid
c. supraspinatus
d. subscapularis
b. deltoid
The only muscle that originates on both the clavicle and the scapula is the
a. deltoid
b. trapezius
c. pectoralis major
d. supraspinatus
a. deltoid
Which muscle acts synergistically with the anconeus to extend the forearm?
a. deltoid
b. biceps brachii
c. triceps brachii
d. coracobrachialis
c. triceps brachii
The short head of the biceps brachii originates on the
a. coracoid process of the scapula
b. clavicle
c. glenoid fossa of the shoulder joint
d. acromion of the scapula
a. coracoid process of the scapula
The flexor digitorum profundus muscle acts to flex the
a. thumb
b. distal phalanges of the fingers
c. wrist
d. proximal phalanges of the fingers
b. distal phalanges of the fingers
The single most distinctive digital movement that gives humans their tool grasping capability is
a. flexion
b. abduction
c. adduction
d. opposition
d. opposition
The splenius muscles act only on the
a. head and neck
b. thoracic region of the vertebral column
c. lumbar vertebrae
d. sacral region of the spine
a. head and neck
Which muscles that move the vertebral column run parallel with the vertical axis of the spine?
a. splenius
b. transversospinalis
c. erector spinae
d. scalenes
c. erector spinae
Which of the following muscles is the shortest, with origin and insertion between adjacent vertebrae?
a. iliocostalis
b. semispinalis
c. splenius
d. rotatores
d. rotatores
Which of the muscle groups that extend the vertebral column is located most laterally?
a. iliocostalis
b. spinalis
c. longissimus
d. semispinalis
a. iliocostalis
Which muscles of the vertebral column originate and insert only on transverse processes of the vertebrae?
a. rotatores
b. intertransversarii
c. multifidus
d. interspinales
b. intertransversarii
The largest, heaviest muscle of the body is the
a. quadriceps femoris
b. latissimus dorsi
c. biceps brachii
d. gluteus maximus
d. gluteus maximus
Of the muscles that flex the thigh, the only one that originates on the vertebral column is the
a. psoas major
b. iliacus
c. pectineus
d. tensor fasciae latae
a. psoas major
Which muscle originates on the iliac spine and inserts on the medial surface of the tibia?
a. gracilis
b. sartorius
c. rectus femoris
d. tensor fasciae latae
b. sartorius
Which muscle lies deep to the rectus femoris?
a. vastus lateralis
b. vastus intermedius
c. vastus medialis
d. sartorius
b. vastus intermedius
The medial compartment of the thigh contains muscles that _______ the thigh
a. adduct
b. abduct
c. flex
d. extend
a. adduct
The longest muscle of your body is the
a. rectus femoris
b. sartorius
c. latissimus dorsi
d. gastrocnemius
b. sartorius
The hamstring muscles act to
a. flex the thigh
b. extend the leg
c. extend the thigh and flex the leg
d. flex the thigh and extend the leg
c. extend the thigh and flex the leg
The muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
a. dorsiflex the foot
b. plantar flex the foot
c. evert the foot
d. invert the foot
a. dorsiflex the foot
The flexor hallicus longus muscle flexes the
a. thigh
b. leg
c. great toe
d. four small toes
c. great toe
The Achilles tendon attaches (inserts) on the
a. calcaneus
b. patella
c. tibia
d. fibula
a. calcaneus
The belly (contractile elements) of the extensor digitorum longus muscle lies entirely in the
a. plantar surface of the foot
b. anterior compartment of the leg
c. posterior compartment of the leg
d. lateral compartment of the leg
b. anterior compartment of the leg
The preferred site of injection in the buttocks region is the
a. gluteus maximus
b. gluteus medius
c. gluteus minimus
d. tensor fasciae latae
b. gluteus medius
A very common muscle injury in individuals who run hard is to the
a. gastrocnemius
b. quadriceps femoris
c. hamstrings
d. sartorius
c. hamstrings
The bone of the leg that is often damaged in a stress fracture is the
a. femur
b. tibia
c. fibula
d. talus
b. tibia
