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Biology 235 RN :!: > P2 Chapter 16 SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

P2 Chapter 16 SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

How many sensory modalities can a single sensory neuron have?

a) One
b) Dozens
c) Hundreds
d) Thousands
e) None

A

a) One

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT an event in the process of sensation?

a) Stimulation of sensory receptors
b) Transduction of the stimulus
c) Activation of effector
d) Generation of impulses
e) Integration of sensory input.

A

c) Activation of effector

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3
Q

Sensory receptors that are located in blood vessels and visceral organs and whose signals are not usually consciously perceived are the

a) Exteroreceptors
b) Interoceptors
c) Proprioceptors
d) Nociceptors
e) None of the answers selections are correct

A

b) Interoceptors

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4
Q

Which type of sensory receptor responds to stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissue?

a) Photoreceptors
b) Mechanoreceptors
c) Proprioceptors
d) Nociceptors
e) Thermoreceptors

A

d) Nociceptors

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5
Q

The process in which the frequency of nerve impulses in the first-order neuron decreases during prolonged stimulus is called

a) selectivity.
b) adaptation.
c) perception.
d) modality.
e) transduction.

A

b) adaptation.

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6
Q

Which of the following is a type of slowly adapting touch receptor?

a) Corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle)
b) Type 1 cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Merkel disc)
c) Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle
d) Hair root receptor
e) Photoreceptor

A

b) Type 1 cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Merkel disc)

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7
Q

Which of the following is a type of a rapidly adapting touch receptor?

a) Corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle)
b) Type 1 cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Merkel disc)
c) Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle
d) Both the corpuscle of touch and the type 1 cutaneous mechanreceptor
e) All of these choices

A

a) Corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle)

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8
Q

What layer of the skin contains the cold thermoreceptors?

a) Stratum lucidum
b) Dermis
c) Stratum basale
d) Stratum corneum
e) Hypodermis

A

c) Stratum basale

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9
Q

Visceral pain results from stimulating

a) nociceptors.
b) lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles.
c) exteroreceptors.
d) proprioceptors.
e) thermoreceptors.

A

a) nociceptors.

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10
Q

Which of the following statements about proprioception is INCORRECT?

a) Proprioceptive sensations allow us to estimate the weight of certain objects.
b) Proprioceptors are slowly adapting receptors.
c) Proprioceptors are embedded in muscles and tendons
d) Proprioceptive sensations allow us to determine position of body structures relative to each other.
e) Proprioceptive sensations are used to activate the nervous system in response to threatening situations.

A

e) Proprioceptive sensations are used to activate the nervous system in response to threatening situations.

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11
Q

The main function of muscle spindles is

a) to sense tension applied to a tendon.
b) to sense referred pain.
c) to perceive cutaneous sensations.
d) to sense changes in muscle length.
e) to sense muscle fatigue.

A

d) to sense changes in muscle length.

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12
Q

Which of the following are proprioceptors found in the articular capsules of synovial joints?

a) Tendon organs
b) Gamma motor neurons
c) Muscle spindles
d) Kinesthetic receptors
e) Tactile receptors

A

d) Kinesthetic receptors

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13
Q

The postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex

a) are considered the primary gustatory area.
b) receive body sensory information.
c) control voluntary body movements.
d) receive visual information.
e) provide the ability to move the eyeballs.

A

b) receive body sensory information.

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14
Q

Which of the following types of neurons conduct impulses from the peripheral somatic sensory receptors to the brain stem or spinal cord?

a) First order neuron
b) Second order neuron
c) Third order neuron
d) Fourth order neuron
e) Higher order neuron

A

a) First order neuron

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15
Q

Which of the following types of neurons conduct sensory impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the thalamus?

a) First order neuron
b) Second order neuron
c) Third order neuron
d) Fourth order neuron
e) Higher order neuron

A

b) Second order neuron

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16
Q

Which of the following types of neurons conduct impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex?

a) First order neuron
b) Second order neuron
c) Third order neuron
d) Fourth order neuron
e) Higher order neuron

A

c) Third order neuron

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17
Q

Proprioception means awareness of

a) visual acuity.
b) body temperature.
c) color vision.
d) body position.
e) pain.

A

d) body position.

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18
Q

Which of the following type of neurons have their cell bodies in the spinal cord or brain stem and their axons terminating in neuromuscular junctions?

a) upper motor neurons
b) lower motor neurons
c) somatic sensory neurons
d) preganglionic autonomic neurons
e) postganglionic autonomic neurons

A

c) somatic sensory neurons

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19
Q

Which of the following types of neurons have axons that extend from the brain to the lower motor neurons?

a) upper motor neurons
b) primary neurons
c) somatic sensory neurons
d) preganglionic autonomic neurons
e) postganglionic autonomic neurons

A

a) upper motor neurons

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20
Q

Which of the following is a direct motor pathway?

a) Anterior corticospinal tract
b) Corticobulbar tract
c) Lateral corticospinal tract
d) Both Anterior corticospinal and Corticobulbar tract.
e) All of these choices

A

e) All of these choices

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21
Q

The basal nuclei regulate skeletal muscle movements by

a) suppressing unwanted movements.
b) influencing muscle tone.
c) initiating and terminating movements.
d) both suppressing unwanted movements and influencing muscle tone.
e) All of these choices

A

e) All of these choices

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22
Q

Which of the following does NOT occur during sleep?

a) Sympathetic division of ANS is stimulated.
b) Decreased heart rate.
c) Decreased blood pressure.
d) Skeletal muscle tone decreases.
e) Dream during REM sleep.

A

a) Sympathetic division of ANS is stimulated.

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23
Q

What category of receptor cell is used to sense touch, vibration and pressure?

a) photoreceptor
b) mechanoreceptor
c) thermoreceptor
d) chemoreceptor
e) osmoreceptor

A

b) mechanoreceptor

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24
Q

What category of receptor cell is used to sense changes in temperature?

a) photoreceptor
b) mechanoreceptor
c) thermoreceptor
d) chemoreceptor
e) osmoreceptor

A

c) thermoreceptor

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25
Q

What category of receptor cell is used to sense light?

a) photoreceptor
b) mechanoreceptor
c) thermoreceptor
d) chemoreceptor
e) osmoreceptor

A

a) photoreceptor

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26
Q

What category of receptor cell is used to sense changes in the concentration of chemicals in body fluids?

a) photoreceptor
b) mechanoreceptor
c) thermoreceptor
d) chemoreceptor
e) proprioceptor

A

d) chemoreceptor

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27
Q

What category of receptor cell is used to sense changes in the osmotic pressure of body fluids?

a) photoreceptor
b) mechanoreceptor
c) thermoreceptor
d) chemoreceptor
e) osmoreceptor

A

e) osmoreceptor

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28
Q

All of the following types of stimuli are sensed by free nerve endings EXCEPT

a) pain.
b) tickle.
c) temperature.
d) pressure.
e) itch.

A

d) pressure.

29
Q

Which of the following types of stimuli is sensed using encapsulated nerve endings?

a) pain
b) tickle
c) temperature
d) itch
e) vibration

A

e) vibration

30
Q

Which of the following is an example of a specialized sensory receptor cell that is known as a “separate cell”?

a) Corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle)
b) photoreceptor cell in retina
c) lamellataed (Pacinian) corpuscle
d) hair root plexus
e) astrocyte

A

b) photoreceptor cell in retina

31
Q

Which disorder is characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and staying asleep?

a) narcolepsy
b) insomnia
c) sleep apnea
d) coma
e) amnesia

A

b) insomnia

32
Q

Which disorder is characterized by involuntary periods of sleep that occur throughout the day?

a) narcolepsy
b) insomnia
c) sleep apnea
d) coma
e) amnesia

A

a) narcolepsy

33
Q

Which disorder is characterized by a person’s breathing repeatedly stopping for 10 or more seconds while sleeping?

a) narcolepsy
b) insomnia
c) sleep apnea
d) coma
e) amnesia

A

c) sleep apnea

34
Q

Which condition is a state of unconsciousness in which a person’s responses to stimuli are reduced or absent?

a) narcolepsy
b) insomnia
c) sleep apnea
d) coma
e) amnesia

A

d) coma

35
Q

Which condition is characterized by a lack of memory for events occurring after the trauma or disease that caused the condition?

a) narcolepsy
b) retrograde amnesia
c) sleep apnea
d) coma
e) anterograde amnesia

A

e) anterograde amnesia

36
Q

The process of sensation begins in a _____, which can be either a primary sensory neuron or a separate cell.

a) sensory receptor cell.
b) signal transducer cell.
c) secondary sensory neuron.
d) effector cell.
e) association neuron.

A

a) sensory receptor cell.

37
Q

_____ is a term used to describe pain that is felt at a site remote from the place of origin.

a) Referred pain
b) Visceral pain
c) Slow pain
d) Fast pain
e) Sympathetic pain

A

a) Referred pain

38
Q

The integration centers for sensations that are consciously perceived (like vision, smell, taste, and pain) are found in the

a) cerebellum.
b) basal nuclei.
c) pontine nuclei.
d) cerebral cortex.
e) thalamus.

A

d) cerebral cortex.

39
Q

Which of the following regions of the brain compares the intentions of skeletal muscle movements with the actual movement performed and then sends out corrective feedback to upper motor neurons?

a) hypothalamus
b) thalamus
c) basal nuclei
d) cerebellum
e) cerebrum

A

d) cerebellum

40
Q

All of the following result from some form of malfunction by the basal nuclei EXCEPT

a) Huntington’s disease.
b) Parkinson’s disease.
c) Tourette’s syndrome.
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
e) synesthesia.

A

e) synesthesia.

41
Q

Infants spend approximately 50% of their sleeping time in

a) stage one NREM sleep.
b) stage two NREM sleep.
c) stage three NREM sleep.
d) stage four NREM sleep.
e) REM sleep.

A

e) REM sleep.

42
Q

Which of the following stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is considered the deepest level of sleep?

a) Stage one
b) Stage two
c) Stage three
d) Stage four
e) None of the selections are correct.

A

d) Stage four

43
Q

During the process of learning, the brain shows a characteristic called _____, which is the ability to change in response to intensive usage for a particular task like memorizing a page of physiology notes.

a) bradykinesia
b) hypokinesia
c) plasticity
d) amnesia
e) palsy

A

c) plasticity

44
Q

Information about the temperature of the air around you would be sent to the brain by

a. proprioceptors
b. exteroceptors
c. nociceptors
d. mechanoreceptors

A

b. exteroceptors

45
Q

Sensory nerve fibers in the posterior column decussate at the level of the

a. pons
b. hypothalamus
c. medulla oblongata
d. arbor vitae

A

c. medulla oblongata

46
Q

Which of the following is an example of rapid (phasic) adaptation?

a. Loss of ability to smell the baking cake after a few minutes
b. After too many stimuli, neurons start to fire uncontrollably
c. Loss of ability to feel a toothache after 1 - 2 hours
d. Hitting the “snooze” button when the alarm clock rings

A

a. Loss of ability to smell the baking cake after a few minutes

47
Q

Muscle spindles and tendon organs are examples of

a. thermoreceptors
b. nociceptors
c. proprioceptors
d. exteroceptors

A

c. proprioceptors

48
Q

Circadian rhythm refers to

a. characteristic music from the tropical island of Circadia
b. a 24 hour cycle of activity and inactivity
c. the change in blood concentration of molecules due to homeostatic activities
d. the rapidity with which certain stimuli cause generation of action potentials

A

b. a 24 hour cycle of activity and inactivity

49
Q

Phantom pain, refers to the registering of pain in some place other than the site of actual

a. tissue damage
b. results from eating foods that are too highly seasoned
c. is associated with hypochondriacs
d. is due to the generation of nerve impulses in severed neurons after amputation of a limb

A

d. is due to the generation of nerve impulses in severed neurons after amputation of a limb

50
Q

Which of the following is true concerning voluntary motor impulses?

a. They are carried from the motor cortex to skeletal muscle by somatic afferent neurons
b. Impulses originate in the somatosensory cortex
c. They reach their effectors by way of the pyramidal pathways
d. They are blocked by such drugs as Novocaine and morphine

A

c. They reach their effectors by way of the pyramidal pathways

51
Q

Somatic pain that arises from stimulation of skin receptors is classified as _____ pain

a. referred
b. superficial somatic
c. visceral
d. deep somatic

A

b. superficial somatic

52
Q

Third-order neurons of somatic sensory pathway project

a. along peripheral nerves to the spinal cord or brain
b. from the spinal cord to the thalamus
c. from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex
d. from the medulla to the cerebellum

A

c. from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex

53
Q

Proprioceptors are located in the

a. skin
b. blood vessels
c. muscles and tendons
d. eye

A

c. muscles and tendons

54
Q

Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors are located

a. in the epidermis
b. in the superficial region of the dermis
c. around hair follicles
d. deep in the dermis and in deeper tissues of the body

A

d. deep in the dermis and in deeper tissues of the body

55
Q

The organ that has the broadest area of referred pain is the

a. lung
b. gallbladder
c. kidney
d. ovary

A

c. kidney

56
Q

The degree of muscle stretch is detected by

a. tendon organs
b. muscle spindles
c. Meissner’s corpuscles
d. free nerve endings

A

a. tendon organs

57
Q

Damage to the lateral spinothalamic tract could result in a lack of sensation of

a. referred pain
b. proprioception
c. weight discrimination
d. pain and temperature

A

d. pain and temperature

58
Q

The type of pain felt from a puncture of a needle is called

a. fast pain
b. chronic pain
c. referred pain
d. type A pain

A

a. fast pain

59
Q

The part of the body represented by the largest area of the somatosensory cortex is the

a. forearm
b. thigh
c. lips
d. back

A

c. lips

60
Q

Novocaine provides short-term relief of pain by blocking conduction of the nerve impulses at the level of the

a. axons of the first-order neurons
b. medulla where the nerve fibers decussate
c. thalamus
d. free nerve ending of the pain receptors

A

a. axons of the first-order neurons

61
Q

The major control region for initiation of voluntary movements of the body is the

a. somatosensory area
b. premotor area
c. primary motor area
d. basal ganglia

A

c. primary motor area

62
Q

The final common path to the skeletal muscles from both the pyramidal and extrapyramidal pathways is the

a. lower motor neurons
b. upper motor neurons
c. association neurons
d. decussation neurons

A

a. lower motor neurons

63
Q

What part of the brain receives information about planned activity, compares this with actual movements, and supplies corrective feedback signals to other parts of the brain?

a. cerebral cortex
b. thalamus
c. cerebellum
d. medulla oblongata

A

c. cerebellum

64
Q

Sensations of pain and temperature are conveyed from one side of the body to the opposite side of the cerebral hemisphere along the

a. lateral spinothalamic tract
b. posterior column
c. anterior spinocerebellar tract
d. anterior corticospinal tracte

A

a. lateral spinothalamic tract

65
Q

Which tracts carry information about actual performance of muscles of the trunk and lower limbs to the cerebellum?

a. posterior columns
b. spinocerebellar tracts
c. lateral spinothalamic tracts
d. pyramidal tracts

A

b. spinocerebellar tracts

66
Q

The reinforcement of memory due to the frequent retrieval of a piece of information is called

a. short-term memory
b. long-term memory
c. plasticity of memory
d. memory consolidation

A

d. memory consolidation

67
Q

Cerebral palsy is caused by

a. a bacterial disease that damages the spinal cord
b. gradual deterioration of the brain cells as a person gets older
c. damage to the motor areas of the brain during fetal life, birth, or infancy
d. a hemisection of the spinal cord in the cervical region

A

c. damage to the motor areas of the brain during fetal life, birth, or infancy

68
Q

Alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles of the upper extremities, resulting in an uncontrollable shaking of the hands is a characteristic of

a. spinal cord injury
b. cerebral palsy
c. Parkinson disease
d. multiple sclerosis

A

c. Parkinson disease

Biology 235 RN :!: (29 decks)

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