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Biology 235 RN :!: > P3 Chapter 22 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM > Flashcards

P3 Chapter 22 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is NOT a non-specific defense mechanism?

a. flow of saliva
b. phagocytosis
c. neutralization of an antigen by an antibody
d. gastric juice acidity

A

c. neutralization of an antigen by an antibody

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2
Q

The lymphokine interleukin - 2

a. is toxic only to the target cells
b. promotes phagocytic activity
c. attracts leukocytes chemically
d. stimulates T-cell proliferation

A

d. stimulates T-cell proliferation

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3
Q

Lymphocytes that destroy cancerous cells in a non-specific fashion are called

a. carcinolytic cells
b. natural killer cells
c. cytotoxic T cells
d. macrophages

A

b. natural killer cells

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4
Q

Which of the following does NOT function to increase vasodilation and permeability of blood vessels?

a. defensins
b. histamine
c. prostaglandins
d. kinins

A

a. defensins

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5
Q

The first defensive cells to reach an area of inflammation are the

a. monocytes
b. neutrophils
c. basophils
d. lymphocytes

A

b. neutrophils

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6
Q

Which of the following is a specific body defense mechanism?

a. phagocytosis
b. inflammation
c. immunity
d. feve

A

c. immunity

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7
Q

The most abundant type of immunoglobin is

a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgE
d. IgG

A

d. IgG

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8
Q

Interferon is produced in response to the presence of

a. viruses
b. specific bacterial cells
c. chemical irritants
d. lymphocytes

A

a. viruses

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9
Q

The most active phagocytic cells in circulating blood are

a. monocytes and macrophages
b. macrophages and neutrophils
c. neutrophils and monocytes
d. monocytes and lymphocytes

A

c. neutrophils and monocytes

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10
Q

After recovering from certain diseases, one may have _____ immunity

a. naturally acquired active
b. artificially acquired active
c. naturally acquired passive
d. artificially acquired passive

A

a. naturally acquired active

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11
Q

The antibodies involved in allergic reactions are

a. called allergens
b. secreted by mast cells
c. in the IgE class
d. produced only after immunization

A

c. in the IgE class

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12
Q

Normal immune responses require the presence of

a. B lymphocytes
b. T lymphocytes
c. both T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
d. oxytocin and prolactin

A

c. both T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes

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13
Q

An immunoglobulin is

a. an antigen
b. an antibody
c. a nucleoprotein
d. found in platelets

A

b. an antibody

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14
Q

Which of the following cell types is derived from monocytes?

a. neutrophil
b. wandering macrophage
c. mast cell
d. histiocyte

A

b. wandering macrophage

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15
Q

Natural killer cells are

a. monocytes
b. macrophages
c. lymphocytes
d. neutrophils

A

c. lymphocytes

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16
Q

A hapten is an antigen that has

a. immunogenicity but not reactivity
b. reactivity but not immunogenicity
c. both immunogenicity and reactivity
d. neither immunogenicity nor reactivity

A

b. reactivity but not immunogenicity

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17
Q

The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n)

a. artery
b. arteriole
c. vein
d. capillary

A

c. vein

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18
Q

The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the

a. thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
b. thoracic duct and left lymphatic duct
c. subclavian duct and bronchomediastinal duct
d. right and left lymphatic ducts

A

a. thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

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19
Q

Lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph primarily from the

a. scalp and face
b. arm and mammary gland
c. thoracic viscera
d. abdominal viscera

A

b. arm and mammary gland

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20
Q

The thoracic duct

a. empties into the right subclavian vein
b. drains the right side of the head and neck
c. is the shorter of the two collecting ducts
d. drains lymph from most of the body

A

d. drains lymph from most of the body

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21
Q

Afferent lymph vessels

a. carry lymph toward lymph nodes
b. carry lymph toward the thoracic duct
c. enter a lymph node at the hilum
d. combine to form lacteals

A

a. carry lymph toward lymph nodes

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22
Q

The functions of the lymphatic system include

a. returning interstitial fluid to the blood
b. removing proteins from the interstitial space
c. transporting hormones to intestinal smooth muscle
d. transporting the products of lipid digestion from intestine to liver

A

a. returning interstitial fluid to the blood

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23
Q

Lymphatic vessels are lined with

a. ciliated columnar epithelium
b. pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
c. endothelium
d. white fibrous connective tissue

A

c. endothelium

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24
Q

Emigration refers to the

a. release of lymphokines
b. lysis of cell walls by lymphotoxins
c. movement of cells in response to chemicals
d. movement of cells from the circulatory system into infected areas

A

d. movement of cells from the circulatory system into infected areas

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25
Q

Interleukin - 1

a. is toxic only to the target cells
b. promotes phagocytic activity
c. initiates chemotaxis
d. is secreted by monocytes and macrophages

A

d. is secreted by monocytes and macrophages

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26
Q

B lymphocytes

a. migrate from the thymus to other lymphatic organs
b. secrete antibodies
c. secrete lymphokines
d. are phagocytic

A

b. secrete antibodies

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27
Q

Complement

a. is produced by eosinophils and neutrophils
b. is chemotactic and attracts phagocytic cells
c. contains enzymes which reduce the inflammatory response
d. lyses B-cells, thus releasing antibodies

A

b. is chemotactic and attracts phagocytic cells

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28
Q

Medullary sinuses of lymph nodes

a. are filled with lymph
b. contain germinal centers
c. filter blood
d. are strands of lymphocytes

A

a. are filled with lymph

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29
Q

Efferent lymph vessels

a. carry lymph toward lymph nodes
b. exit a lymph node at the hilum
c. drain relatively large parts of the body
d. combine to form lacteals

A

b. exit a lymph node at the hilum

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30
Q

In which of the following locations would you expect to find lymph nodes?

a. abdominal region
b. ventricles of the brain
c. legs and feet
d. arms and hands

A

a. abdominal region

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31
Q

Lymph from the cisterna chyli empties into the

a. liver
b. thoracic lymphatic duct
c. left brachiocephalic vein
d. heart

A

b. thoracic lymphatic duct

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32
Q

The largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the adult human body is the

a. liver
b. spleen
c. thymus
d. pancreas

A

b. spleen

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33
Q

After phagocytosis, which intracellular chemicals kill microbe by a process called a respiratory burst?

b. lethal oxidants
b. lysozyme
c. defensins
d. complement

A

b. lethal oxidants

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34
Q

The proper sequence of phases in the process of phagocytosis is

a. adherence, ingestion, chemotaxis
b. adherence, chemotaxis, ingestion
c. chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion
d. chemotaxis, ingestion, adherence

A

c. chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion

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35
Q

The first stage of inflammation is

a. tissue repair
b. vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels
c. phagocyte migration and cytolysis by complement
d. activation of cell mediated immunity

A

b. vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels

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36
Q

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens

a. are a large group of bacterial related antigens that cause many diseases
b. are located only on viruses, not bacteria
c. are difficult to produce antibodies against because they are constantly mutating
d. mark the surfaces of all your body cells except your red blood cells

A

d. mark the surfaces of all your body cells except your red blood cells

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37
Q

Antigen presenting cells (APCs) include

a. macrophages
b. killer T cells
c. neutrophils
d. plasma cells

A

a. macrophages

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38
Q

When stimulated, T cells that display the CD8 molecule develop into

a. plasma cells
b. cytotoxic (killer) T cells
c. memory cells
d. helper T cells

A

b. cytotoxic (killer) T cells

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39
Q

Cytotoxic T cells kill target cells directly by secreting

a. cytokines
b. antibodies
c. lysozyme
d. perforin and lymphotoxin

A

d. perforin and lymphotoxin

40
Q

How many antibodies per second can a plasma cell produce?

a. 2
b. 20
c. 200
d. 2000

A

d. 2000

41
Q

Lack of reactivity of T cells and B cells to fragments of your own proteins is known as

a. immunological tolerance
b. self-recognition
c. positive selection
d. negative selection

A

a. immunological tolerance

42
Q

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters cells that display the _____ molecule on their surface

a. CD8
b. MHC 1,
c. CD4
d. MHC 2

A

c. CD4

43
Q

The most successful tissue transplants are

a. autografts
b. isogfrafts
c. allografts
d. xenografts

A

a. autografts

44
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic and immune system?

a) Draining excess interstitial fluid
b) Maintaining water homeostasis in the body
c) Transporting dietary lipids
d) Carrying out immune responses

A

b) Maintaining water homeostasis in the body

45
Q

What is the major difference between lymph and interstitial fluid?

a) Composition of electrolytes
b) White blood cells are present in lymph
c) Location
d) Types of proteins present
e) Red blood cells are present in interstitial fluid

A

c) Location

46
Q

Lack of resistance is also known as:

a) Pathogenic
b) Innate
c) Specific
d) Susceptibility
e) Lymphatic

A

d) Susceptibility

47
Q

What causes lymph from the small intestines to appear white?

a) Proteins
b) WBC
c) RBC
d) Lipids
e) Carbohydrates

A

d) Lipids

48
Q

Which of the following is not considered an organ of the immune system?

a) Spleen
b) Lymph node
c) Red bone marrow
d) Thymus
e) Pancreas

A

e) Pancreas

49
Q

The left subclavian vein receives lymph from the

a) Left axillary vein
b) Lumbar trunk
c) Jugular trunk
d) Thoracic duct
e) Right lymphatic duct

A

d) Thoracic duct

50
Q

The skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are used in the

a) Lymphatic system
b) Cardiovascular system
c) Immune system
d) Lymphatic and Immune systems only
e) Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems

A

e) Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems

51
Q

Which organ produces a hormone that promotes the maturation of T cells?

a) Spleen
b) Lymph node
c) Red bone marrow
d) Thymus
e) Pancreas

A

d) Thymus

52
Q

In which part of the thymus are T cells thought to die?

a) Capsule
b) Trabeculae
c) Epithelial cells
d) Thymic (Hassall’s) corpuscles
e) T cells do not die in the thymus

A

d) Thymic (Hassall’s) corpuscles

53
Q

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?

a) Drain excessive interstitial fluid
b) Transport dietary lipids
c) Carry out immune responses
d) All of these are functions of the lymphatic system
e) None of these are functions of the lymphatic system

A

d) All of these are functions of the lymphatic system

54
Q

Which of the following is a function of the spleen?

a) Removes worn out blood cells
b) Circulates lymph
c) Cleanses interstitial fluid
d) Cleanses lymph
e) Traps microbes with mucus

A

a) Removes worn out blood cells

55
Q

Which of these does NOT provide a physical or chemical barrier?

a) Macrophages
b) Saliva
c) Urine
d) Mucus
e) Stratified squamous epithelium

A

a) Macrophages

56
Q

Which of these provides a non-specific cellular disease resistance mechanism?

a) Macrophages
b) T lymphocytes
c) B lymphocytes
d) Memory B cells
e) Stratified squamous epithelium

A

a) Macrophages

57
Q

Which anti-microbial substances reduce viral replication (in uninfected cells)?

a) Transferrins
b) Perforins
c) Complement proteins
d) Defensins
e) Interferons

A

e) Interferons

58
Q

Which anti-microbial substances promote cytolysis, phagocytosis and inflammation?

a) Transferrins
b) Perforins
c) Complement proteins
d) Defensins
e) Interferons

A

c) Complement proteins

59
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?

a) Redness
b) Pain
c) Heat
d) Mucus production
e) Swelling

A

d) Mucus production

60
Q

Which of the following intensifies the effect of interferons and promotes the rate of repair?

a) Complement proteins
b) Perforin
c) Fever
d) Macrophages
e) Natural killer cells

A

c) Fever

61
Q

20) Which chemical(s) do NOT induce vasodilation and permeability (increased fluid flow) to an infection site?

a) Histamines
b) Kinins
c) Perforin
d) Leukotrienes
e) Complement

A

c) Perforin

62
Q

When B and T cells are fully developed and mature, they are described as being

a) Immunocompetent
b) Pluripotent stem cells
c) Primary lymphatic cells
d) Specifically promoted
e) Germ cells

A

a) Immunocompetent

63
Q

Which of the following induces the production of a specific antibody?

a) Phagocytosis
b) Antigen
c) Antibody
d) Defensin
e) Immunoglobulin

A

b) Antigen

64
Q

Which of the following stimulates an immune response ONLY when it is attached to a large carrier molecule?

a) Epitope
b) Antigen
c) Hapten
d) MHC antigen
e) CD8

A

c) Hapten

65
Q

Genetic recombination generates diversity in what part (s) of the immune system?

a) Antigen receptors
b) MHC antigen
c) Hapten
d) MHC antigen and antigen receptors
e) Epitopes

A

d) MHC antigen and antigen receptors

66
Q

Which class of cells includes macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells?

a) Antigen presenting cells
b) Primary lymphocytes
c) T cells
d) RBC
e) Epitope cells

A

a) Antigen presenting cells

67
Q

To become activated, which of the following requires being bound to a foreign antigen AND simultaneous costimulation?

a) B Cell
b) T Cell
c) Interferon
d) MHC antigen
e) Antigen presenting cell

A

b) T Cell

68
Q

Which cells display CD4 proteins and interact with MHC Class II antigens?

a) Cytotoxic T cells
b) Helper T Cells
c) Memory T Cells
d) MHC antigens
e) B cells

A

b) Helper T Cells

69
Q

Which T cell toxin fragments DNA?

a) Perforin
b) Tumor antigen
c) Interferons
d) Lymphotoxin
e) Toxin T

A

d) Lymphotoxin

70
Q

Which class of antibodies is mainly found in sweat, tears, breast milk and GI secretions?

a) IgG
b) IgA
c) IgM
d) IgD
e) IgE

A

b) IgA

71
Q

Which of the following leads to inflammation, enhancement of phagocytosis and lysis of microbes?

a) Classical complement system
b) Alternative complement system
c) Apoptosis
d) Classical and Alternative complement systems
e) Hapten activation

A

d) Classical and Alternative complement systems

72
Q

Which action makes microbes more susceptible to phagocytosis?

a) Opsonization
b) Cytolysis
c) Inflammation
d) Complement
e) Hybridoma

A

a) Opsonization

73
Q

Which of the following is an inactive, self responsive cell?

a) Deleted cell
b) Hybridoma cell
c) Epitopic cell
d) Anergy cell
e) Natural killer cell

A

d) Anergy cell

74
Q

The inability of the immune system to protect the body from a pathogen causes

a) immunodeficiency diseases
b) allergy
c) autoimmune disease
d) transplantations
e) graft

A

a) immunodeficiency diseases

75
Q

An acute allergic response can lead to:

a) transplantation
b) retroviruses
c) anaphylactic shock
d) passive immunity
e) active immunity

A

c) anaphylactic shock

76
Q

Natural exposure to an infectious agent leads to:

a) Passive immunity
b) Active immunity
c) Both of these choices
d) None of these choices

A

b) Active immunity

77
Q

Which class of antibodies indicates a recent invasion?

a) IgA
b) IgE
c) IgM
d) IgD
e) IgG

A

c) IgM

78
Q

Which of the following cells is part of the body’s second line of defense?

a) Mucous cells
b) Germ cells
c) B and T Lymphocytes
d) Natural killer cells
e) None of these choices

A

b) Germ cells

79
Q

Which of the following cells is the most variable cell in the immune system?

a) Natural killer cell
b) Monocyte
c) RBC
d) Lymphocyte
e) Macrophage

A

d) Lymphocyte

80
Q

The primary response will peak how many days after an exposure?

a) 1 day or less
b) 2–7
c) 10–17
d) 20–30
e) Over a month

A

c) 10–17

81
Q

Which type of immunity defends against any type of invader?

a) Nonspecific
b) Specific
c) Cell mediated
d) Antibody mediated immunity
e) None of these choices

A

a) Nonspecific

82
Q

The ability of an antigen to react specifically with the antibodies or cells it has provoked is called

a) Specificity
b) Immunogenicity
c) Reactivity
d) Epitopes
e) Immune Response

A

c) Reactivity

83
Q

Which of the following is a small hormone that can stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions?

a) Enzyme
b) Kinins
c) Cytokine
d) MHC
e) Leukocyte

A

c) Cytokine

84
Q

Which type of adaptive immunity will result from intravenous injection of immunoglobulins?

a) naturally acquired active immunity
b) naturally acquired passive immunity
c) artificially acquired active immunity
d) artificially acquired passive immunity
e) None of these choices

A

d) artificially acquired passive immunity

85
Q

Which type of adaptive immunity will result from mother-to-baby IgA transfer via breast feeding?

a) naturally acquired active immunity
b) naturally acquired passive immunity
c) artificially acquired active immunity
d) artificially acquired passive immunity
e) None of these choices

A

b) naturally acquired passive immunity

86
Q

Natural passive immunity is associated with which of the following?

a) Vaccination
b) Exposure to a microbe resulting in antibody formation
c) Receiving booster shots
d) Transfer of IgG from mother to fetus
e) Intravenous injection of antibodies

A

d) Transfer of IgG from mother to fetus

87
Q

Which cells increase the permeability of blood vessels by releasing histamine?

a) neutrophils
b) eosinophils
c) lymphocytes
d) mast cells
e) macrophages

A

d) mast cells

88
Q

Which cytokine released by macrophages acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature during fever?

a) Interleukin-1
b) Interleukin-2
c) Interleukin-4
d) Gamma interferon
e) Perforin

A

a) Interleukin-1

89
Q

Antigens that induce an allergic reaction are called

a) lymphotoxin
b) perforin
c) granulysin
d) interleukin-1
e) allergen

A

e) allergen

90
Q

Which cell is considered to be the most important cell in the immune system?

a) Cytotoxic T Cells
b) B lymphocytes
c) T Helper cells
d) Eosinophils
e) macrophages

A

c) T Helper cells

91
Q

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the immune system?

a) Increased susceptibility to infections
b) Increased susceptibility to malignancies
c) Decreased response to vaccines
d) Increased response of T cells to antigens
e) Decreased production of antibodies

A

d) Increased response of T cells to antigens

92
Q

Which of the following is an effect of stress on the immune system?

a) Increased activity of T lymphocytes
b) Increased activity of B lymphocytes
c) Activation of the immune system
d) Inhibition of the immune system
e) Increased production of antibodies

A

d) Inhibition of the immune system

93
Q

Which cells of the immune system are the primary targets the HIV virus?

a) B cells
b) helper T cells
c) cytotoxic T cells
d) antigen-presenting cells
e) all of these cells are affected by HIV

A

b) helper T cells

94
Q

Which type of allergic reaction is the most common type?

a) Type I (anaphylactic) reaction
b) Type II (cytotoxic ) reaction
c) Type III (immune-complex) reactions
d) Type IV (cell-mediated) reactions
e) All of these types are common allergic reactions.

A

a) Type I (anaphylactic) reaction

95
Q

) Which of the following organ systems is NOT aided by the MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)?

a) Respiratory system
b) Digestive system
c) Muscular system
d) Urinary system
e) Reproductive system

A

c) Muscular system

96
Q

Which of the following is an incorrect matching of immune system cells and their functions?

a) Macrophage – process and presentation of foreign antigens to T cells
b) Dendritic cell – processes and presents antigen to T and B cells
c) B cells – process and presents antigen to helper T cells
d) Plasma cell – produces and secretes antibodies
e) All of these are correct matching of the cells and their functions

A

e) All of these are correct matching of the cells and their functions

Biology 235 RN :!: (29 decks)

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