P2 Chapter 13 SPIN & NERVES Flashcards
Which of the three spinal meninges is the most superficial?
a) Arachnoid mater
b) Dura mater
c) Meninx mater
d) Pia mater
e) Epi mater
b) Dura mater
Which of the structures listed below contains cerebrospinal fluid?
a) Epidural space
b) Subarachnoid space
c) Dural space
d) Meninx
e) Pia mater
b) Subarachnoid space
Denticulate ligaments are thickenings of
a) arachnoid mater.
b) pia mater.
c) dura mater.
d) interstitial fluid.
e) subdural space.
b) pia mater.
What spinal cord feature is the area where the nerves that supply the lower limb emerge?
a) Lumbar enlargement
b) Filum terminale
c) Cauda equina
d) Cranial nerve XII
e) Cervical enlargement
a) Lumbar enlargement
Which of the following structures contains only sensory axons that conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the skin, muscles and internal organs to the CNS?
a) Spinal nerves
b) Cauda equina
c) Anterior root of spinal nerves
d) Posterior root of spinal nerves
e) Conus medullaris
d) Posterior root of spinal nerves
Which layer of protective connective tissue is the outermost covering surrounding a spinal nerve?
a) dura mater
b) pia mater
c) endoneurium
d) perineurium
e) epineurium
e) epineurium
What type(s) of axons are wrapped in a protective endoneurium?
- Myelinated
- Unmyelinated
- Only dendrites are surrounded by endoneurium
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) Both 1 and 2
e) None of these choices
d) Both 1 and 2
Spinal nerves
- Are parts of PNS.
- connect the CNS to sensors and effectors in all parts of the body.
- are named according to the region of the cord from which they emerge.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) both 1 & 3
e) 1, 2 & 3
e) 1, 2 & 3
the spinal cord passes through the __________.
a) foramen ovale
b) foramen magnum
c) foramen rotundum
b) foramen magnum
Intercostal nerves
a) are also known as cervical nerves.
b) do not enter into a plexus and directly connect to the structures they supply.
c) are found in the C6-T4 area of the vertebral column.
d) extend through the sacrum.
e) do not exist in humans.
b) do not enter into a plexus and directly connect to the structures they supply.
A man presents with median nerve palsy in his left hand. What is the most likely site of injury?
a) Dorsal scapular nerve
b) Intercostal nerve
c) Lumbar plexus
d) Median nerve
e) Radial nerve
d) Median nerve
Which region of the spinal cord carries nerve impulses for proprioception?
a) Posterior white column
b) Anterior gray horn
c) Anterior white column
d) Lateral white column
e) Dermatome tract
a) Posterior white column
Which white matter tracts of the spinal cord carry sensory information?
a) Ascending tracts
b) Descending tracts
c) Integration tracts
d) Columnar tracts
e) Epidural tracts
a) Ascending tracts
Which type of descending motor pathway conveys nerve impulses that originate in the cerebral cortex and are destined to cause precise, voluntary movements of skeletal muscles?
a) Indirect pathway
b) Direct pathway
c) Reflex arc
d) Somatic arc
e) Muscle spindle
b) Direct pathway
The conus medullaris is the tapering point at the end of the spinal cord. It is located at approximately __________.
a) L 1/ L 2
b) L 3/ L 4
c) L 5/ L 6
a) L 1/ L 2
Which type of descending motor pathway originates in the brainstem and governs automatic movements that help regulate muscle tone, posture and balance?
a) Indirect pathway
b) Direct pathway
c) Reflex arc
d) Somatic arc
e) Muscle spindles
a) Indirect pathway
Which of the following parts of a reflex arc monitors body conditions?
a) Sensory receptor
b) Integrating center
c) Motor neuron
d) Effector
e) Interneuron
a) Sensory receptor
Which of the following parts of a reflex arc receives sensory information and decides how to respond to a change in the body’s condition?
a) Sensory receptor
b) Sensory neuron
c) Motor neuron
d) Effector
e) Integration center
e) Integration center
Which of the following parts of a nervous reflex arc is usually a muscle or gland?
a) Sensory receptor
b) Sensory neuron
c) Motor neuron
d) Effector
e) Integration center
d) Effector
Which of the following parts of a reflex arc would have a cell body in the posterior root ganglion?
a) Sensory receptor cell
b) Sensory neuron
c) Motor neuron
d) Effector
e) Interneuron
b) Sensory neuron
A nerve impulse initiated at a muscle spindle has to travel through which of the following structures to get into the spinal column?
a) Anterior root of spinal nerve
b) Posterior root of spinal nerve
c) Tectospinal tract
d) Central canal
e) Lateral reticulospinal tract
b) Posterior root of spinal nerve
In response to a muscle being stretched, a muscle spindle initiates a somatic spinal reflex that causes
- contraction of the agonist muscle.
- relaxation of the antagonist muscle.
- contraction of the antagonist muscle.
- relaxation of the agonist muscle.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 4 only
e) 1 and 2
- contraction of the agonist muscle.
- relaxation of the antagonist muscle.
e) 1 and 2
In response to a tendon being stretched excessively, a tendon organ initiates a somatic spinal reflex that causes
- contraction of the agonist muscle.
- relaxation of the antagonist muscle.
- contraction of the antagonist muscle.
- relaxation of the agonist muscle.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 4 only
e) 3 and 4
- contraction of the antagonist muscle.
- relaxation of the agonist muscle.
e) 3 and 4
A somatic spinal reflex that involves one effector muscle being stimulated while the opposing muscle is inhibited is called _____ innervation.
a) reversal
b) relaxed
c) representative
d) reciprocal
e) relegated
d) reciprocal
Which of following is NOT a function of the spinal reflexes that use muscle spindles and tendon organs as sensors?
a) Awareness of muscle tension in body
b) Prevention of damage to muscles
c) Protection of spinal nerves
d) Prevention of damage to tendons
e) Maintenance of muscle tone
c) Protection of spinal nerves
A typical spinal nerve has how many connections to the spinal cord?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
b) 2
Which branch of a spinal nerve serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk?
a) Meningeal branch
b) Rami communicantes
c) Brachial plexus
d) Posterior ramus
e) Anterior ramus
d) Posterior ramus
The thoracic nerves are also called the
a) brachial nerves.
b) lumbar nerves.
c) sacral nerves.
d) cervical nerves.
e) intercostals nerves.
e) intercostals nerves.
Which of the following is a virus infection of the peripheral nervous system caused by herpes zoster, a virus that also causes chickenpox?
a) areflexia
b) shingles
c) poliomyelitis
d) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
e) menigitis
b) shingles
Which of the following is a degenerative disease of the spinal cord?
a) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
b) shingles
c) poliomyelitis
d) areflexia
e) all of these are degenerative diseases of the spinal cord
a) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Which of the following regions of the spinal cord contains a conspicuous enlargement?
a) filum terminale
b) cervical region
c) thoracic region
d) sacral region
e) coccygeal region
b) cervical region
The area of the skin that provides sensory input to the CNS via one pair of spinal nerve is called
a) a dermatome.
b) a microtome.
c) perineurium.
d) a fascicle.
e) an epitome.
a) a dermatome.
A severed obturator nerve will lead into paralysis of which region of the body?
a) Cervical
b) Thoracic
c) Lumbar
d) Thigh
e) Arms
d) Thigh
During childbirth, anesthesia is administered into the epidural space of the spinal column between which of the following vertebrae?
- L4 and L5
- T3 and T4
- S4 and S5
- C3 and C4
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 4 only
e) Both 1 and 4
a) 1 only
Which of the following spinal nerves DOES NOT travel through an intervertebral foramen to reach its destination?
a) cervical spinal nerve 1
b) thoracic spinal nerve 12
c) lumbar spinal nerve 2
d) sacral spinal nerve 1
e) cervical spinal nerve 7
a) cervical spinal nerve 1
The cell bodies of the sensory neurons that carry information from the periphery to the spinal cord are located in the
a) anterior white commissure.
b) central canal.
c) lateral gray horn.
d) posterior root ganglion.
e) posterior gray horn.
b) central canal.
) Which of the following lists the connective tissue coverings of the axons, fascicles, and entire nerve in the correct order?
a) endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium
b) endoneurium, epineurium, perineurium
c) perineurium, epineurium, endoneurium
d) epineurium, endoneurium, perineurium
a) endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium
Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of dermatomes?
a) Can be used clinically to determine area of spinal cord damage
b) Each dermatome is only served by a single spinal nerve
c) Complete anesthesia of a single dermatome often requires blocking three adjacent spinal nerves
d) Dermatomes are designated based on the cranial or spinal nerve that serves that area of the skin
e) The dermatome serving the face is supplied by the trigeminal cranial nerve
b) Each dermatome is only served by a single spinal nerve
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the spinothalamic tract?
a) Begins in the spinal cord
b) Terminates in the thalamus
c) Found in the white matter of the spinal cord
d) Carries motor information down the cord
e) Is composed of multiple axons carrying information in the spinal cord
d) Carries motor information down the cord
The tail end of the spinal cord is not “hanging loose.” It is actually anchored via the __________, which connects to the coccyx bone.
a) cauda equina
b) filum terminale
c) conus medullaris
b) filum terminale
How many plexus groups branch off the spinal cord?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
b) 4
Which of the following spinal cord regions are NOT involved with a plexus formation?
a) cervical
b) thoracic
c) lumbar
b) thoracic
The cauda equina are nerves that branch off the spinal cord in which of the following areas?
a) superior end
b) lateral edges
c) inferior end
c) inferior end
What is the name of the structures that hold the spinal cord in position within the vertebral foramen?
a) filum terminale
b) dorsal root ganglia
c) denticulate ligaments
c) denticulate ligaments
Which of the following transmits information from the spinal cord to the extremities of the body?
a) ventral roots
b) dorsal roots
c) dorsal root ganglia
a) ventral roots
Fasciculi are bundles of nerve tracts associated with __________.
a) the gray matter of the spinal cord
b) the white matter of the spinal cord
c) the gray commissure of the spinal cord
b) the white matter of the spinal cord
The spinal cord consists of ascending tracts of axons and descending tracts of axons. Which of the following are correct in reference to those tracts?
a) The ascending tracts are found in the white matter and transmit sensory information. The descending tracts are found in the gray matter and transmit motor information.
b) The ascending tracts are found in the gray matter and transmit sensory information. The descending tracts are found in the white matter and transmit motor information.
c) Both tracts are found in the white matter. The ascending tract transmits sensory information while the descending tracts transmit motor information.
c) Both tracts are found in the white matter. The ascending tract transmits sensory information while the descending tracts transmit motor information.
Which branch of a spinal nerve forms the plexuses?
a. meningeal
b. dorsal ramus
c. ventral ramus
d. visceral
c. ventral ramus
Which of the following nerves arises from the lumbar plexus?
a. femoral
b. sciatic
c. phrenic
d. median
a. femoral
The dorsal root of a spinal nerve
a. contains sensory fibers
b. contains motor fibers
c. contains motor cell bodies
d. is mixed
a. contains sensory fibers
Spinal nerves are not part of the
a. ANS
b. PNS
c. CNS
d. SNS
c. CNS
Which of the following nerves arises from the cervical plexus?
a. radial
b. sciatic
c. phrenic
d. femoral
c. phrenic
The innermost covering of the spinal cord is the
a. dura mater
b. choroid plexus
c. arbor vitae
d. pia mater
d. pia mater
Spinal nerves originating from this portion of the cord do not form plexuses
a. cervical
b. thoracic
c. lumbar
d. sacral
b. thoracic
Inside the CNS, sensory impulses are carried in
a. a scending tracts
b. ganglia
c. descending tracts
d. gray matter
a. a scending tracts
The spinal cord is held in place by the
a. conus medullaris and cauda equina
b. filum terminale and denticulate ligaments
c. pia mater and choroid plexus
d. ascending and descending tracts
b. filum terminale and denticulate ligaments
The dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies of
a. bipolar neurons
b. motor neurons
c. sensory neurons
d. association neurons
c. sensory neurons
Which of the following is true concerning the meninges?
a. They line the dural venous sinuses
b. They filter blood
c. They are hollow spaces in the brain
d. They cover brain and spinal cord
d. They cover brain and spinal cord
In a diagnostic lumbar puncture of an adult, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid is removed from the
a. lateral ventricles
b. central canal
c. subarachnoid space
d. subdural space
c. subarachnoid space
The cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are found in which region of the spinal cord?
a. anterior horn
b. dorsal root ganglion
c. lateral horn
d. posterior horn
a. anterior horn
If the ventral nerve ramus of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the region supplied by that nerve?
a. loss of sensation
b. loss of movement
c. some loss of both sensation and movement
d. loss of autonomic control of blood vessels and sweat glands
c. some loss of both sensation and movement
Which of the following is true concerning spinal nerves?
a. The roots of the cervical nerves form the cauda equina
b. Only the cervical nerves form a plexus
c. The anterior root contains motor axons
d. All arise in the brain, but exit through intervertebral foramina
c. The anterior root contains motor axons
The CNS includes which of the following?
a. dorsal root ganglia and dorsal nerve root
b. cervical plexus
c. spinal and cranial nerves
d. brain and spinal cord
d. brain and spinal cord
A bundle of fibers located within the CNS is a
a. ganglion
b. nerve
c. tract
d. nucleus
c. tract
The phrenic nerve arises from the _____ plexus, and innervates the _____.
a. cervical, diaphragm
b. sacral, lower leg
c. lumbar, thigh
d. thoracic, ribs
a. cervical, diaphragm
Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence?
a. receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, association neuron, effector
b. effector, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, association neuron
c. effector, sensory neuron, receptor, association neuron, motor neuron
d. receptor, sensory neuron, association neuron, motor neuron, effector
d. receptor, sensory neuron, association neuron, motor neuron, effector
The connective tissue sheath around a group of neuronal fibers (a fascicle) is called the
a. endoneurium
b. perineurium
c. epineurium
d. fasciculus
b. perineurium
If you inserted a needle between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebra, you would probably hit the
a. cauda equina
b. filum terminale
c. lumbar enlargement
d. femoral nerve
a. cauda equina
An example of a monosynaptic reflex pathway is the
a. tendon reflex
b. flexor reflex
c. stretch reflex
d. crossed extensor reflex
c. stretch reflex
If you step on a tack the reflex that would be initiated is a
a. stretch reflex
b. flexor reflex
c. tendon reflex
d. visceral reflex
b. flexor reflex
If a victim of spinal cord damage exhibited signs of respiratory arrest, you might suspect damage to which region of the spinal cord?
a. cervical
b. thoracic
c. lumbar
d. sacral
a. cervical
When you bump your “funny bone” on the medial surface of your elbow the _____ nerve is affected
a. radial
b. median
c. ulnar
d. musculocutaneous
c. ulnar
Numbness in the skin of the anterior surface of the thigh might indicate damage of nerves of the
a. cervical plexus
b. visceral plexus
c. lumbar plexus
d. sacral plexus
c. lumbar plexus
Pressure from the uterus during pregnancy sometime causes damage to the
a. femoral nerve
b. sciatic nerve
c. tibial nerve
d. pudendal nerve
b. sciatic nerve
Inability to contract the gastrocnemius muscle could indicate damage to the
a. femoral nerve
b. peroneal nerve
c. tibial nerve
d. pudendal nerve
c. tibial nerve
