organelles Flashcards
nucleus structure
surrounded by double membrane called nuclear envelope
nucleus function
-contains most of cells DNA
-materials enter and exit the cell through nuclear pores in the envelope (like mRNA)
what does mRNA instruct
protein synthesis
why does rough endoplasmic reticulum structure appear rough
because of the ribosomes on the surface
what does rough endoplasmic reticulum consists of
connected flat sacs called cisternae
function of rough endoplasmic reticulum
-where some proteins are synthesized
-proteins made by ribosome and inserted into rough ER
-phospholipids (from new cell membranes) are also made
smooth endoplasmic reticulum structure
-no ribosomes so smooth surface and no protein synthesis
-connected mostly by tubes
smooth endoplasmic reticulum function
lipids are made and broken (triglycerides and cholesterol)
-steroid hormones (estrogen and testosterone) are made
what does smooth ER detoxify
-detoxify organic (carbon-based) molecules like ethanol and some drugs and toxins
what does smooth ER store
calcium
where does golgi apparatus lie
between rough ER and cell surface
what does golgi complex consist of
a stack of flattened sacs (or cisternae)
think a stack of pita
functions of the golgi complex
receives, modifies, and ships material (proteins and lipids) to the final destination
-modifies proteins by adding sugars (oligosaccharides) and trimming those sugars
-small vesicles move proteins between organelles and sac of the golgi
where does the golgi complex ship proteins and lipids to
can ship out of cell, to cell membrane, or lysosome back to ER
lysosome structure
-not in the stomach of cell
-very few cells take in food and digest it, they take up building blocks
lysosome function
-break down ingested materials and cellular waste products like old/damaged organelles in ANIMAL cells
-digestive enzyme perform hydrolysis rxns on ingested materials