lecture 14 part 5 Flashcards
what accounts for most of the ATP synthesis
oxidative phosphorlyation
how much ATP comes from oxidative phosphorlyation
26-28 (2.5 ATP per NADH) (1.5 ATP per FADH2)
what is the ATP yield per glucose moleq by aerobic respiration
30-32
since NADH can’t enter the mitochondria so its e- enter how
via a “shuttle”
what are the two types of shuttles
-one gives e- to NAD+ to make NADH (most common) and another gives e- to FAD to make FADH2
what reduces the amount of ATP made per glucose moleq
-when products made in glycolysis pyruvate oxidationa nd the citric acid cycle are siphoned off for making other bio moleq
-reduced [O2] in cells
-when ETC or ATP synthase proteins (enzymes) are inhibited by an inhibitor
-when ETC is “uncoupled” from chemiosomosis (ATP synthesis)
uncoupling agents
cheicals that allow H+ to cross the membrane passively withot going through ATP synthase
example of uncoupling agents
DNP (that weight loss drug that is now illegal)
what do uncoupling agents reduce
the H+ graudent
how do uncoupling agents affect ATP syntheiss
if you have smaller gradient, ATP levels will drop a lot
where do some specialized mitochondria have uncoupling proteins
in their inner membrane
what do PET scans reveal
reveal regions of the body with increased glucose metabolism
how do PET scans look at colder temperatures
what does it lead to
at colder temps more dark regions because higher metabolic actviity (show brown fat regions which help keep us warm)
-way to leak protons back into matric of mitochondria (evolutionary advantageous)
what doe sthe electrochemical proton gradient drive besides ATP synthesis
-brings pyruvate into matric mitochondria
-phophate ions into matrix of mitochondria symport
both happne against the [] gradient
against the electrocheical proton graidnet it keeps what
keeps (+) charger higher in intermmebrane space than matrix which facilitates exchange of ATP for ADP
