Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 240 > lecture 17-thermoregulation > Flashcards

lecture 17-thermoregulation Flashcards

part 1

1
Q

what is thermoregulation

A

process by whcih animals maintain an internal temp within normal range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

by maintaining thermoregulation what is achieved

A

internal thermal homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does thermoregulation depend on

A

orgnanisms ability to control the exchnage of heat w/ its environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

do organisms expend a lot of energy with thermoregulation

A

some do, some don’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of temp system does life exist on

A

large (below 90C-hotter than 100C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

can most cells survive below OC

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why can most cells not survive below OC

A

due to formation of damaging ice cyrstals (happens a lot during thawing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what adaptation do some animals have that allows them to surivive in colder temps

A

have the antifreeze moleq (ie glucose at certain []) or other adaptations that allow them to surive in colder temos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

can most cells surive above 45C, why?

A

no, due to denaturation of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why can some bacteria and proteins live at higher temps

A

adaptation to membrane to prevent melting and jave enough covlaent and non covlaent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the temp range most cellular functions are limited to

A

0-45C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

endotherm

A

organisms body temp depends on heat prodution from metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ectotherm

A

body temp depends on heat from its environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

heterotherm

A

body temp can be depedent on metabolism or its environment (animals that hibernate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

homeotherm

A

animal whose body temp is constant (necessarily due to endothermy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

poikilotherm

A

an animal whose body temo is variable and dependent on ambient temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

look at how animals are classified in terms of how they regulate body temp

A

ok

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

with poikilothermy, body temp (Tb) varies with what

A

environmental (ambient) temp (Ta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why with the graph on the notes is there a netabolic rate drop

A

because dont need increase metabolic activity to warm ourselves in higher temps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

homeotherms have ______ body temps

A

constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

homeothermic endotherms have _______ high temps over a wide range of _______ ______

A

constant; ambient temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

thermoneutral zone

A

can maintain normal body temp w/ot needing to use energy above and beyond normal basal metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how much higher is metabolic rate of endotherm than similarly sized ecotherms at rest due to wat

A

5-10x higher due to maintaining its high body temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

humans live in what type of thermo environment

A

thermo-neutral micro environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is human Tb supported by
"waste" heat byproduct of metabolic processes
26
human thermal biology is more organized around what
around heat dissipation (elimination) rather than generation or conservation
27
stable thermal environment for enzymes always function how
the same
28
homeothermic endotherm can be active in
cold
29
cost of being endothermic homeotherm
expensive: energy taken in dedicated to thermoregulation in energy budget
30
homeothermic endotherms cant get too
small
31
poikilothermy benefits
-energy cheap
32
with poikilothermy more energy is put towards
growth + reproduction since less is going to maintenance (thermoregulation)
33
are there minimum size constrainst for poikilothermy
no
34
are poikilotherms active or inactive in cold
inactive in cold - harder to get food, enzymatic rxn rate chnages
35
do homeotherms or poikilotherms have more mitochondria
homeotherms
36
do homeotherms or poikilotherms have more extsnive inner membrane
homeotherms -ETC functions and more ATP synthesis
37
do homeotherms or poikilotherms have leakier inner membranes
homeotherms -(H+) so dont go through ATP synthase so give off more heat
38
homeotherms have _________ body temp
constant
39
poikilotherms have _________ body temp
variable
40
are poikilotherms and ecotherms the same
no
41
what with our body can bring up/down temp
-sweat when hot -shiver when cold -face gets red b/c of blood flow
42
what is body temp regulated by
determined by balance between internal heat production and heat exchange with environment
43
what are four mechanisms organaisms use to exchange heat with environment
-radiation -evaporation -conduction -convection
44
heat always transfers energy from _____->____ temp
high->low
45
how is heat loss and gain balanced
-reduce heat exchange overall -performheat exchnage in a particular direction (ie gain and not lose heat)
46
-insulation -cooling by evaporating heat loss -circulatory adaptations -adjusting metabolic heat production all help with wjay
balanceing heat loss and gain
47
insulation is in what type of organisms
mammals and birds -skin, feathers, fur, blubber, reduce heat flow between animal and its environments
48
why is insulation most important in marine animals
because conduction is faster in water than air (water heats up faster)
49
how do many animals lose heat
through evaporation of water from skin (even some ecotherms)
50
sweating or bathing moistens skin and helps with
animal cool down
51
panting increases what
cooling effect to in birds and many mammals
52
regulation of blood flow near body surface significantly affects what
thermoregulation
53
what can many endotherms and ecotherms do with blood flow
can alter amount of blood flow between body core and the skin
54
vasodliation
blood flow in skin increases, faiclitaing heat loss (increase diamter in blood vessels) -> lose heat by convection
55
vasoconstriction
blood flow in skin decreases, lowering heat loss
56
countercurrent exchnage helps with
redcing heat loss for animals in cold temps
57
in what types of organisms does countercrruent exchnage occur in
marine aniamsl and birds
58
countercurrent exchnage is due to
arrangemnet of blood vessels usually in externalities/limbs
59
countercurrent heat exchange trasnfers heat between what? how?
fluids flowing in opposite directions -traps heat in core of the body -reduce heat loss
60
in what type of fish does countercurrent exchange occur
-in some large, powerful swimmers (ie great white sharks) -keeps major swimming muscles warm -reduce heat loss
61
countercurrent exchanges in insects
bublebees and some moths have countercurrent heat exchnagers that help maintain a high temo un the thorax (important for flight in winter) -to help maintain homeostasis in the hive (not individual)
62
thermogensis
the process of heat production in organisms
63
mechanisms that initate thermogensis
-increased by muscle activity such as moving or shivering -low amplitude muscle contractions -common in mammals -birds some nonavian reptiles and some insects can also rasie body temp through shiverring
64
what organisms conduct non shivering homeogenesis
infnats of many mammals -in adult mammals that hibernate
65
non shivering thermogeneis mammals have what
a tissue called brown fat that is specialized for rapid heat production
66
what type of fats do human adults have besides infnats
brown adipose tissue (BAT)
67
do fat or skinny people have more brown fat
skinny people have more brown fat b/c they have less insulation
68
what does BAT vary with
amount of BAT in human adults has been dound to vary depending on temp of urrounding environment
69
beige fat has characteristics of what
white and brown fat -cells are embedded in WAT and can cause browning of the tissue (produces heat)
70
BAT is heavily
vascularized
71
BAT has lots of
mitochondria
72
what protein is expressed in BAT
uncoupling protein 1
73
what does amount of brown fat vary with
varies depending on temp of surrouding environment
74
norepenephrine stimulates what in BAT
stimulates large increase in metabolicly produced heat
75
where does BAT express UCP1
in inner membrane of mitochondria
76
what does uncoupling e- flow from ATP production allow (two things)
-lipid oxidation at rates for above normal levels for aerobic resp 2) immeditaley release of heat from oxidation of lipids rather than storage fo that energy in ATP

Bio 240 (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions