lecture 2

Question 1

what are the 4 types of macromolecules and building blocks

Answer 1

-carbohydrates; monosaccharides (ex starch)
-nucleic acid; nucleotide (ex DNA strand)
-protein; amino acid (ex polypeptide)
-lipid; fatty acids and glycerol

Question 2

monomers are smaller than

Answer 2

polymers

Question 3

organisms need ______

Answer 3

nutrients

Question 4

nutrients

Answer 4

chem substances required by organism to survive, grow and reproduce

Question 5

do different species have different essential nutrients

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

essential

Answer 6

not made by organism and must be acquired by the diet

Question 7

what does food need to provide

Answer 7

energy and nutrients

Question 8

autotrophs

Answer 8

make their own food/chemical energy

Question 9

photoautotrophs

Answer 9

perform photosynthesis using light energy to build energy-rich organic molecules (sugars)

Question 10

example of photoautotrophs

Answer 10

plants and algae (done with chloroplast in leaves of plants)

Question 11

what are sugars produced in photosynthesis used to make

Answer 11

used to make ATP, other sugars and biomolecules

Question 12

heterotrophs

Answer 12

(animals like us) harvest chemical energy from food they eat (organic matter already produced by other organisms)

Question 13

what do we really eat

Answer 13

cells/cellular products and major components are the 4 macromolecules

Question 14

macromolecules are _____ ______

Answer 14

carbon based (also known as organic molecule)

Question 15

digestive system process

Answer 15

breaks down food into bio building block molecules
-small enough to be taen up by cells of small intestine
-transferred into the blood stream for distribution to cells throughout the body
-further broken down to release energy used to make ATP
-used to build new macromolecules to meet needs of cell and organism

Question 16

cellular respiration breaks down what

Answer 16

breaks down molecules for generation of ATP

Question 17

where does most of cellular respiration take place

Answer 17

in mitochondria
-occurs in all organisms but not all use O2 in process

Question 18

what is waste made during cellular respiration

Answer 18

CO2, H2O, heat

Question 19

photosynthesis and cellular respiration are _______

Answer 19

complimentary

Question 20

are all orgaic molecules used in cellular respiration

Answer 20

no

Question 21

what does glucose provide

Answer 21

source of energy and chem building blocks for an organism

Question 22

what does food web show

Answer 22

trophic relationships within community or ecosystem (who eats what)

Question 23

what does energy flow begin with

Answer 23

light from sun

Question 24

what can all energy in organisms be traced back to

Answer 24

the sun

Question 25

where is heat lost

Answer 25

to environment

Question 26

when is heat lost

Answer 26

with every energy transformation

Question 27

where do chemicals cycle

Answer 27

within ecosystem

Question 28

energy ____ and chemicals _____

Answer 28

flow; cycle

Question 29

what do chemicals include

Answer 29

minerals and inorganic sources like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous - these elements are essential for life

Question 30

what do decomposers do

Answer 30

return chemicals into soil by breaking down things