lecture 2 Flashcards
what are the 4 types of macromolecules and building blocks
-carbohydrates; monosaccharides (ex starch)
-nucleic acid; nucleotide (ex DNA strand)
-protein; amino acid (ex polypeptide)
-lipid; fatty acids and glycerol
monomers are smaller than
polymers
organisms need ______
nutrients
nutrients
chem substances required by organism to survive, grow and reproduce
do different species have different essential nutrients
yes
essential
not made by organism and must be acquired by the diet
what does food need to provide
energy and nutrients
autotrophs
make their own food/chemical energy
photoautotrophs
perform photosynthesis using light energy to build energy-rich organic molecules (sugars)
example of photoautotrophs
plants and algae (done with chloroplast in leaves of plants)
what are sugars produced in photosynthesis used to make
used to make ATP, other sugars and biomolecules
heterotrophs
(animals like us) harvest chemical energy from food they eat (organic matter already produced by other organisms)
what do we really eat
cells/cellular products and major components are the 4 macromolecules
macromolecules are _____ ______
carbon based (also known as organic molecule)
digestive system process
breaks down food into bio building block molecules
-small enough to be taen up by cells of small intestine
-transferred into the blood stream for distribution to cells throughout the body
-further broken down to release energy used to make ATP
-used to build new macromolecules to meet needs of cell and organism
cellular respiration breaks down what
breaks down molecules for generation of ATP
where does most of cellular respiration take place
in mitochondria
-occurs in all organisms but not all use O2 in process
what is waste made during cellular respiration
CO2, H2O, heat
photosynthesis and cellular respiration are _______
complimentary
are all orgaic molecules used in cellular respiration
no
what does glucose provide
source of energy and chem building blocks for an organism
what does food web show
trophic relationships within community or ecosystem (who eats what)
what does energy flow begin with
light from sun
what can all energy in organisms be traced back to
the sun
where is heat lost
to environment
when is heat lost
with every energy transformation
where do chemicals cycle
within ecosystem
energy ____ and chemicals _____
flow; cycle
what do chemicals include
minerals and inorganic sources like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous - these elements are essential for life
what do decomposers do
return chemicals into soil by breaking down things
