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Bio 240 > lecture 11 membrane transport > Flashcards

lecture 11 membrane transport Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell membranes are ________ permeable

A

selectively

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2
Q

review worksheet about what solutes than can cross a phospholipid bilayer

A

ok

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3
Q

what type of molcules pass directly between lipids forming the membrane

A

small hydrophobic and small uncharged polar molcules

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4
Q

small molecules that cannot use simple diffusion to cross a cell membrane use what

A

transporter proteins and facilitated diffusion

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5
Q

what is facilitated diffusion

A

diffusion with help (from the transporter protein

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6
Q

what is faciliatetd diffusion mediated by

A

channel prpteins and carrier proteins

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7
Q

what is channel protein mostly used by

A

ions

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8
Q

what are carrier proteins mostly used by

A

other small solutes

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9
Q

how do channel proteins work

A

make tunnel to pass through membrane

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10
Q

how do carrier proteins work

A

chnage coformation allow their solute to cross the membrane

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11
Q

most channel proteins are what

A

gated, which means they open and close in response to cellular conditions

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12
Q

examples gated channel protein

A

-binding of ligand
-change in electrical gradient
-mechanical trigger
-light activation

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13
Q

what do diffusion rates of ions through ion channels depend on

A

electrochemical gradients

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14
Q

typical electrochemical gradient of cellular conditions

A

membrane potential negative inside

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15
Q

active transport

A

movement of solutes against their concentration gradient

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16
Q

what does active transport require

A

energy, making system more organized

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17
Q

what is concentration gradient in terms of ions

A

electrochemical gradient

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18
Q

examples of active transport

A

coupled transport, ATP driven pump, light driven pump

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19
Q

coupled trasnport refers to

A

protein

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20
Q

what is coupled trasnport

A

two moleqs cross the membrane at some point in time but one moves positively and releases energy

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21
Q

what should you think when you hear pump

A

energy is required (active transport)

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22
Q

is Na+/K+ ATPase an example of coupled trasnport

A

no

23
Q

sodium potassium pump use what type of transport

A

active

24
Q

how does sodium potassium pump move

A

uses 1 ATP to move 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in

25
Q

what does sodium potassium pump hydrolyze

A

hydrolyzes ATP to make ADP

26
Q

watch video on it

A

ok

27
Q

what is the sodium potassium pump chiefly responsible for

A

maintaining the membrane potential of cells (the difference in charge on either side of a cell membrane)

28
Q

importance of sodium potassium pump and the Na+ gradient

A

it drives the active transport of many other solutes across the membrane

29
Q

what does Na+ influx with sodium-potassium pump begin

A

-an action potential in neurons (how a neuron relays a neural impulse)
-begins muscle contraction by muscle cells

30
Q

what do you need for influx with sodium-potassium pump

A

Na+ gradient

31
Q

what is coupled transport also called

A

co-transport

32
Q

what is coupled trasnport

A

the electrochemical gradient of one molecule drives the transport of another molecule against its concentration gradient

33
Q

how many molecules cross the membrane with coupled transport

A

two

34
Q

describe how the two molecules move with coupled transport

A

1)one cross by passive transport: releases energy (exergonic process)
2)crosses by active transport: requires energy (endergonic process)

35
Q

what are two molecules that go into cell via coupled trasnport

A

glucose and Na+
-diffusion of Na+ (passive transport) provides energy to pump glucose against its concentration gradient 9active transport)

36
Q

bulk trasnport

A

moves larger molecules (polymers) in and out of a cell and depend son membrane fusion and budding

37
Q

what type of molecules are moved by passive and active transport

A

small molecukes

38
Q

exocytosis

A

large molecules are secreted when a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane

39
Q

endocytosis

A

large molecules are taken in when the plasma membrane pinches inward, forming a vescile

40
Q

what type of materials are transferred by exocytosis and endocytossi

A

larger materials acorss cell membrane

41
Q

where do materials taken up by endocytosis usually end up

A

lysosome

42
Q

what are proteins and polysaccharides made by ER and Golgi secreted by

A

the cell via exocytosis

43
Q

what is budding and fusion of vesicles critical for

A

the synthesis and delivery of secreted and membrane proteins

44
Q

what are three forms of endocytosis

A

-phagocytosis
-pinocytosis
-repceptor-meditated endocytosis

45
Q

what is phagocytosis chiefly done by

A

white blood cells

46
Q

phagocytosis

A

cell reaches out extensions that wrap around phagosomes (vacuoles)

47
Q

do pinocytosis and recepto mediated endocytosis grab anything

A

no, but it reaches down invaginating and ingested materials get stuck in it.

48
Q

with what form of endocytosis does cholesterol enter cell

A

receptor mediated endocytosis

49
Q

summarize passive trasnport

A

high -> low [] movement
-does not use []
-moves ions

50
Q

summarize active tranport

A

-against [] gradient
-uses energy
-always requires protein

51
Q

what do passive and active transport both involve

A

-movement of molecules across/through the membrane
-proteins may be involved

52
Q

what is [] gradident

A

diff in [] in 2 areas/2 regions separated by a membrane

53
Q

are all solutes ions

A

no

54
Q

what are ways active transport can obtain energy

A

-ATP driven pump
-coupled transport
-passive transport

Bio 240 (39 decks)

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