Lecture 6 part3 and lecture 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are nucleic acids

A

polymeric molecules composed of nucleotides

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2
Q

what is the structure of a nucleotide

A

phosphate group, sugar (pentose), nitrogenous base

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3
Q

nucleotides contain either ____ or ________

A

ribose or deoxyribose (both sugars)

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4
Q

deoxyribose

A

DNA (has H @2’)

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5
Q

ribose

A

RNA (has OH @2’)

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6
Q

what is ribose also in

A

ATP used as chemical energy

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7
Q

what are the five nitrogenous bases in nucleotides

A

cytosine, thymine, uracil, adenine, guanine

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8
Q

what is the max number of phosphate groups linked together

A

3

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9
Q

what can nucleotides polymerize to form

A

nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)

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10
Q

what type of bond joins together nucleotides

A

phosphodiester

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11
Q

function of nucleic acids

A

-storage or genetic information
-transmission of genetic information
-expression of genetic information

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12
Q

what is nucleotides function in chemical energy

A

trasnfer

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13
Q

nucleotides cycle with ATP and ADP

A

ATP -> ADP
hydrolysis: ATP split = release energy

ADP-> ATP
dehydration: ATP put back together (req E)

negative charges are not stable, but with water (hydrolysis rxn) ATP splits into ADP and free phosphate, which releases energy and can power chem rxns

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14
Q

what does NADPH do

A

transfer high electron in photosynthesis

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15
Q

what does coenzyme A (CoA) have an important role in

A

aerobic respiration - process by which most ATP is made in the cell

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16
Q

nucleotides are very important for what (think bioenergetics)

A

transfer of energy

17
Q

what kind of changes can denature a protein

A

Change in a protein environment can disrupt the molecular interactions that are critical for its structure and function

18
Q

is renaturation rare

A

yes under most conditions

19
Q

do molecular chaperones fold the proteins

A

no they help the proteins fold properly

20
Q

what do molecular chaperones prevent

A

interference in the folding process

21
Q

why do chaperones tend to hide the hydrophobic regions

A

so they don’t aggregate with other hydrophobic regions or molecules

22
Q

what else do molecular chaperones do besides help proteins fold properly

A

keep the proteins folded and remove old, damaged and misfolded protein

23
Q

what are chaperones shaped like

A

barrels

24
Q

what can chaperones block

A

environmental stressors like heat that can interfere with protein