Lecture 6 part3 and lecture 7 Flashcards
what are nucleic acids
polymeric molecules composed of nucleotides
what is the structure of a nucleotide
phosphate group, sugar (pentose), nitrogenous base
nucleotides contain either ____ or ________
ribose or deoxyribose (both sugars)
deoxyribose
DNA (has H @2’)
ribose
RNA (has OH @2’)
what is ribose also in
ATP used as chemical energy
what are the five nitrogenous bases in nucleotides
cytosine, thymine, uracil, adenine, guanine
what is the max number of phosphate groups linked together
3
what can nucleotides polymerize to form
nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)
what type of bond joins together nucleotides
phosphodiester
function of nucleic acids
-storage or genetic information
-transmission of genetic information
-expression of genetic information
what is nucleotides function in chemical energy
trasnfer
nucleotides cycle with ATP and ADP
ATP -> ADP
hydrolysis: ATP split = release energy
ADP-> ATP
dehydration: ATP put back together (req E)
negative charges are not stable, but with water (hydrolysis rxn) ATP splits into ADP and free phosphate, which releases energy and can power chem rxns
what does NADPH do
transfer high electron in photosynthesis
what does coenzyme A (CoA) have an important role in
aerobic respiration - process by which most ATP is made in the cell
nucleotides are very important for what (think bioenergetics)
transfer of energy
what kind of changes can denature a protein
Change in a protein environment can disrupt the molecular interactions that are critical for its structure and function
is renaturation rare
yes under most conditions
do molecular chaperones fold the proteins
no they help the proteins fold properly
what do molecular chaperones prevent
interference in the folding process
why do chaperones tend to hide the hydrophobic regions
so they don’t aggregate with other hydrophobic regions or molecules
what else do molecular chaperones do besides help proteins fold properly
keep the proteins folded and remove old, damaged and misfolded protein
what are chaperones shaped like
barrels
what can chaperones block
environmental stressors like heat that can interfere with protein
