lecture 8

Question 1

what is the one defining characteristic of lipids

Answer 1

lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents

Question 2

do lipids form polymeric molecules, what do they form instead

Answer 2

no, but some fatty acids do combine with other molecules to create larger macromolecules or cellular structures

Question 3

what do many lipids serve as

Answer 3

fuel and building materials

Question 4

what can fatty acids be used as by some cells

Answer 4

as an energy molecule (energy source) to generate ATP

Question 5

what are fatty acids building blocks for

Answer 5

larger lipids like fats (triacylglycerides) and phospholipids

Question 6

fats are what type of moleclue

Answer 6

energy storage molecule (triacyglycerides)

Question 7

examples of a steroid

Answer 7

cholesterol and phospholipids

Question 8

what are other types of lipids

Answer 8

pigments (chlorophyll) and waxes (ear wax)

Question 9

what type of molecule is fatty acids

Answer 9

amphipathic molecules

Question 10

describe the structure of a fatty acid

Answer 10

hydrophilic carboxylic head and long hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail

Question 11

what type of molecules of fatty acids form in aqueous environments

Answer 11

films and micelles to allow heads to interact with water and tails to avoid water

Question 12

what are types of variations in fatty acid tail structure

Answer 12

-lengths of fatty acids vary
-some fatty acids will have one or more double carbon bonds in their structure
-saturated vs unsaturateds

Question 13

saturated fatty acids

Answer 13

fatty acids with no double bonds

Question 14

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 14

have one or more double bonds in hydrocarbon tail

Question 15

desrcibr the structure of a unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 15

double bond is rigid and causes a kink so it does not hang straight down

Question 16

monosaturated fatty acid

Answer 16

has one double carbon bond

Question 17

polyunstaurated fatty acid

Answer 17

has ore than one double carbon bond

Question 18

saturation impacts ability of fatty acids to do what

Answer 18

to pack and remain close together

Question 19

what do lors of saturated fatty acid tails stacked together lead to

Answer 19

van der waals interactions
-on less packed fatty acids there are fewer van der waals

Question 20

What about the fatty acid impacts the behavior of larger molecules that contain fatty acids

Answer 20

saturation

Question 21

what are fat molecules also known as

Answer 21

triacylglycerides or oils

Question 22

describe fatty acids in animal

Answer 22

long staright saturated fatty acid moelcule because fat in animals is more solid (like butter)

Question 23

describe fatty acids in plants

Answer 23

unsaturated because fat in plants is lipid (like oils)i

Question 24

is more energy needed to dissociate saturated or unsaturated fats

Answer 24

saturated
–animals store excess energy as fat, while plants convert excess glucose into starch

Question 25

phospholipid is

Answer 25

another type of amphipathic molecule

Question 26

describe the structure of phospholipid

Answer 26

each phospholipid has two fatty acid tails
-they assemble into bilayers in an aqueous environment

Question 27

cholin

Answer 27

polar either charged or uncharged

Question 28

glycerol

Answer 28

attaches to 2 fatty acids and phosphate group

Question 29

what do phospholipids do in an aqueous environment

Answer 29

form bilayers that vesicles (creates an effective barrier)

Question 30

steroids are

Answer 30

another class or lipid molecule

Question 31

what type of surface does chlolestpral have and structure

Answer 31

hydrophobic surface
-has one hydrophilic hydroxyl group

Question 32

what are the two types of steroid hormones

Answer 32

-estradiol
-testosterone

Question 33

does saturated or unsaturated have higher melting temps

Answer 33

saturated because it has more van der waals forces holding them together because they are easier to pack together without the double carbon bonds