lecture 1 part2 Flashcards
energy budget characterizes whar
uptake and use of energy by an organism (when they consume energy they can allocate it to fulfill their certain needs)
food is what type of energy for animals
chemical energy
for plants in photosynthesis how is food made
light energy is converted to chemical energy
what are energy containing molecules from food usually used to make
ATP which powers cellular work
what are the remaining food molecules used for when the needs of staying alive are met
biosynthesis
biosysntheiss
building other organic mokecules
what can biomolecules be used for
body growth and repair
-synthesis and storage material such as fat
-reproduction (production of gametes)
what are the factors effecting energy intake
size of organism
-environmental conditions
-general abundance of food/prey
-presence of predator
-nutritional value of food
how does size of organisms impact energy intake
with more cells, more energy is needed because every cells need needs to be met
how does environmental conditions impact energy intake
cab be like mosquito larvae having to regulate body and water intake
general abundance of food/prey impacts energy intake how
ie light, hibernation and migration leads to less energy intake
how does presence of predators impact energy intake
if it is dangerous to go out and eat animals will eat less
how does nutritional value of food impact energy intake
biomolecules and calories in food like carnivores vs herbivores
what are two foraging strategies
specialist vs generalist
specialist
-can fill niche
-restricted to single food source
-limited food quality (not diverse diet)
-maybe difficult to avoid predators (they know where you eat)
generalists
-wide range of food source
-variable food quality
-great flexibility to avoid predators
-could have more competition if food is scarce
what do organisms first allocate their energy for
survival
how does digestion use energy
need to make food small eough for cells
examples of cellular repair energy expenditure
like sun damage, cost more energy than normal wear and tear
what is growth
increase in mass
-can also be cell division
reproduction
generating offspring for next generation (laying eggs, meiosis, caring for young)
does every organisms have its own energy budget even if they are part of same species
yes
does energy budget change during species lifetime
yes (such as reproduction energy increasing with age)
types of environmental changes include
-drought, less plant food
-deforestation, less protection more energy to avoid predator
-land subsidation
-exposure to pathogen/toxin that supresses feeding
injury
-comp
-seasons
-climates/temp changes from climate changes
