lecture 6 part 1

Question 1

prteins are

Answer 1

polymeric macromolecules composed of amino acids

Question 2

subunit of proteins

Answer 2

amino acids

Question 3

macromolecule of protein

Answer 3

protein

Question 4

are proteins diverse in structure and function

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

what is the most diverse macromolecule

Answer 5

proteins

Question 6

what is the largest % of a cell’s dry weight

Answer 6

protein

Question 7

proteins can be dynamic structures that move in response to what

Answer 7

binding by another moleq or specific environmental conditions

Question 8

kinesin is

Answer 8

motor protein

Question 9

suffix “ase” represents

Answer 9

enzyme

Question 10

what is the structure (and this function) of a protein determined by

Answer 10

its amino acid sequence

-its amino acid determines the proteins 3D structure through their ability to form non covalent bonds (and sometimes covalent bonds)

Question 11

defense proteins

Answer 11

-antibodies attack pathogens
-could be venoms/toxins that protect organisms from being eaten

Question 12

storage proteins

Answer 12

-some proetsins store amino acids for later use

Question 13

caesin

Answer 13

protein of mil, major source of amino acids for baby mammals (storage protein)

Question 14

ovalbumin

Answer 14

protein of egg white, used as amino acid source for developing embryo (storage protein)

Question 15

transport proteins

Answer 15

-mole moleqs from one side of a membrane to another or in and out of cell/organelle
-hormones (proteins)
-transceptors for protein is protein

Question 16

motor proteins

Answer 16

-allow movement
-actin and myosin proteins = responsible for muscle contraction

Question 17

proteins need different ______ to fulfill different duties

Answer 17

shapes

Question 18

when does hemoglobin shape change

Answer 18

with removal of oxygen

Question 19

what does kinesin need to operate to move

Answer 19

needs ATP and hydrolysis to operate to move, kinesin moves giant vesicle yo cell surface for expression

Question 20

basic structure of amino acid has

Answer 20

amino group (NH2) and carboxyl group

Question 21

how else can you draw basic structure of amino acid

Answer 21

as dipolar ion which is the typical form of an amino acid inside a cell or in blood

Question 22

how many common amino acids are there

Answer 22

20

Question 23

what are the four categories of amino acids

Answer 23

1)non polar side chains; hydrophobic
2)polar side chains; hydrophilic
3)electrically charged side chains; hydrophilic
4)acidic (negatively charged)

Question 24

what can two cysteine residues form

Answer 24

a disulfide bond

Question 25

disulfide bonds

Answer 25

covalent bonds and are therefore much stronger than an individual non covalent bond (such as a hydrogen bond)

Question 26

what type of bonds form together amino acids

Answer 26

peptide

Question 27

peptide is

Answer 27

a few amino acids joined together

Question 28

polypeptide

Answer 28

many amino acids joined together

Question 29

what are peptide bond formation catalyzed by

Answer 29

ribosomes within a cell

Question 30

what rxn breaks peptide bond

Answer 30

hydrolysis rxn

Question 31

hydrolysis rxn that reak peptide bonds are catalyzed by enzymes called

Answer 31

proteases and peptidases