lecture 14 part 4

Question 1

how do NADH and FADH2 contribute to ETC

Answer 1

donate their e-

Question 2

e- carrier proteins making up ETC exist how

Answer 2

as multi-proteins complexes (I,II,III, IV)

Question 3

what do the carriers in ETC alternate between

Answer 3

reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate e- from/to surroudning proteins

Question 4

what causes e- to drop/ release enegery through ETC

Answer 4

as they go through EYC and are finally passed to O2, forming H2O

Question 5

electrons are passed through what

Answer 5

a anumbe rof protonss including cytochromes (Cyt) to O2 (the final e- receptor)

Question 6

ETC is what type of process

Answer 6

exergonic process energy rleased themodynamically favorable

Question 7

what do cytochromes have

Answer 7

heme groups that carry e-

Question 8

what do cytochromes bbind to

Answer 8

does not bind all oxygen, instead bind electron then give it up

Question 9

what is in middle of cytochrome

Answer 9

iron in middle and will toggle between Fe (III) and Fe (II) because electron acception/donation

Question 10

what does NADH donate to complex I

Answer 10

its 2e-

Question 11

what does FADH2 donate to complex II

Answer 11

its 2e-

Question 12

where do complex I and complex II donate their elctrons to

Answer 12

complex III

Question 13

where does complex III donate its e- to

Answer 13

complex IV

Question 14

in complex IV what happens to O2

Answer 14

O2 receives 2e- and reacts with H+ producing 2H2O

Question 15

what is the final receptor of ETC, which is important to what

Answer 15

O2, THIS is why we need oxygen to survive

Question 16

what does electron trasnfer in ETC provide

Answer 16

it is exergonic and provides the energy needed for the proteins in the ETC to pump H+ across the membrane and ahainst the [] gradient (endergonic)

Question 17

electron flow =

Answer 17

energy

Question 18

where are protons pumped from in ETC

Answer 18

protons are pumped from mitochondrial matrix into intermembrane space

Question 19

what are the complexes that pump H+

Answer 19

I, III, and IV

Question 20

why does complex II not pump H+

Answer 20

because change in gibbs free energy is not large enough

Question 21

pumping H+ across the inner mitochondiral membrane generateswhat

Answer 21

a H+ gradient AKA electrochemical gradient

Question 22

how does H+ return to thr mitochondrial matrix

Answer 22

through the ATP synthase, powering ATP synthesis

Question 23

what is oxidized in oxidative phosphoylation

Answer 23

NADH and FADH2

Question 24

ADP is _________ into ATP

Answer 24

phosphorlyzed

Question 25

chemiosomosis: what is energy stored in H+ graident (established by ETC) used for

Answer 25

used to drive ATP synthesis

Question 26

what does ATP synthase use to drive the endergonic phosphorlation of ADP to ATP

Answer 26

used the exergonic flow of H+

Question 27

how does ATP synthase make ATP

Answer 27

1) H+ flow turns a center shaft 2)which chnages shape of the active sites of the ATP synthase 3) which lowers rxns Ea. results in ATP synthesis from ADP + Pi

Question 28

ATP is ______ ______ to the ETC

Answer 28

energteically coupled

Question 29

does ETC directly make ATAP

Answer 29

ETC does not directly make ATP! It generates the H+ gradient that powers ATP synthesis

Question 30

what is electron flow essential for

Answer 30

ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorlyation

Question 31

what problems with electron flow can lead to death

Answer 31

-no e- flow -no pumping of protons -lose H+ gradient -no ATP made by oxidative phosphortlayion