lecture 14 part 4 Flashcards
how do NADH and FADH2 contribute to ETC
donate their e-
e- carrier proteins making up ETC exist how
as multi-proteins complexes (I,II,III, IV)
what do the carriers in ETC alternate between
reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate e- from/to surroudning proteins
what causes e- to drop/ release enegery through ETC
as they go through EYC and are finally passed to O2, forming H2O
electrons are passed through what
a anumbe rof protonss including cytochromes (Cyt) to O2 (the final e- receptor)
ETC is what type of process
exergonic process energy rleased themodynamically favorable
what do cytochromes have
heme groups that carry e-
what do cytochromes bbind to
does not bind all oxygen, instead bind electron then give it up
what is in middle of cytochrome
iron in middle and will toggle between Fe (III) and Fe (II) because electron acception/donation
what does NADH donate to complex I
its 2e-
what does FADH2 donate to complex II
its 2e-
where do complex I and complex II donate their elctrons to
complex III
where does complex III donate its e- to
complex IV
in complex IV what happens to O2
O2 receives 2e- and reacts with H+ producing 2H2O
what is the final receptor of ETC, which is important to what
O2, THIS is why we need oxygen to survive
what does electron trasnfer in ETC provide
it is exergonic and provides the energy needed for the proteins in the ETC to pump H+ across the membrane and ahainst the [] gradient (endergonic)
electron flow =
energy
where are protons pumped from in ETC
protons are pumped from mitochondrial matrix into intermembrane space
what are the complexes that pump H+
I, III, and IV
why does complex II not pump H+
because change in gibbs free energy is not large enough
pumping H+ across the inner mitochondiral membrane generateswhat
a H+ gradient AKA electrochemical gradient
how does H+ return to thr mitochondrial matrix
through the ATP synthase, powering ATP synthesis
what is oxidized in oxidative phosphoylation
NADH and FADH2
ADP is _________ into ATP
phosphorlyzed
chemiosomosis: what is energy stored in H+ graident (established by ETC) used for
used to drive ATP synthesis
what does ATP synthase use to drive the endergonic phosphorlation of ADP to ATP
used the exergonic flow of H+
how does ATP synthase make ATP
1) H+ flow turns a center shaft 2)which chnages shape of the active sites of the ATP synthase 3) which lowers rxns Ea.
results in ATP synthesis from ADP + Pi
ATP is ______ ______ to the ETC
energteically coupled
does ETC directly make ATAP
ETC does not directly make ATP! It generates the H+ gradient that powers ATP synthesis
what is electron flow essential for
ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorlyation
what problems with electron flow can lead to death
-no e- flow
-no pumping of protons
-lose H+ gradient
-no ATP made by oxidative phosphortlayion
