lecture 14 part 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

how do NADH and FADH2 contribute to ETC

A

donate their e-

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2
Q

e- carrier proteins making up ETC exist how

A

as multi-proteins complexes (I,II,III, IV)

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3
Q

what do the carriers in ETC alternate between

A

reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate e- from/to surroudning proteins

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4
Q

what causes e- to drop/ release enegery through ETC

A

as they go through EYC and are finally passed to O2, forming H2O

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5
Q

electrons are passed through what

A

a anumbe rof protonss including cytochromes (Cyt) to O2 (the final e- receptor)

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6
Q

ETC is what type of process

A

exergonic process energy rleased themodynamically favorable

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7
Q

what do cytochromes have

A

heme groups that carry e-

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8
Q

what do cytochromes bbind to

A

does not bind all oxygen, instead bind electron then give it up

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9
Q

what is in middle of cytochrome

A

iron in middle and will toggle between Fe (III) and Fe (II) because electron acception/donation

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10
Q

what does NADH donate to complex I

A

its 2e-

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11
Q

what does FADH2 donate to complex II

A

its 2e-

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12
Q

where do complex I and complex II donate their elctrons to

A

complex III

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13
Q

where does complex III donate its e- to

A

complex IV

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14
Q

in complex IV what happens to O2

A

O2 receives 2e- and reacts with H+ producing 2H2O

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15
Q

what is the final receptor of ETC, which is important to what

A

O2, THIS is why we need oxygen to survive

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16
Q

what does electron trasnfer in ETC provide

A

it is exergonic and provides the energy needed for the proteins in the ETC to pump H+ across the membrane and ahainst the [] gradient (endergonic)

17
Q

electron flow =

A

energy

18
Q

where are protons pumped from in ETC

A

protons are pumped from mitochondrial matrix into intermembrane space

19
Q

what are the complexes that pump H+

A

I, III, and IV

20
Q

why does complex II not pump H+

A

because change in gibbs free energy is not large enough

21
Q

pumping H+ across the inner mitochondiral membrane generateswhat

A

a H+ gradient AKA electrochemical gradient

22
Q

how does H+ return to thr mitochondrial matrix

A

through the ATP synthase, powering ATP synthesis

23
Q

what is oxidized in oxidative phosphoylation

A

NADH and FADH2

24
Q

ADP is _________ into ATP

A

phosphorlyzed

25
Q

chemiosomosis: what is energy stored in H+ graident (established by ETC) used for

A

used to drive ATP synthesis

26
Q

what does ATP synthase use to drive the endergonic phosphorlation of ADP to ATP

A

used the exergonic flow of H+

27
Q

how does ATP synthase make ATP

A

1) H+ flow turns a center shaft 2)which chnages shape of the active sites of the ATP synthase 3) which lowers rxns Ea.

results in ATP synthesis from ADP + Pi

28
Q

ATP is ______ ______ to the ETC

A

energteically coupled

29
Q

does ETC directly make ATAP

A

ETC does not directly make ATP! It generates the H+ gradient that powers ATP synthesis

30
Q

what is electron flow essential for

A

ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorlyation

31
Q

what problems with electron flow can lead to death

A

-no e- flow
-no pumping of protons
-lose H+ gradient
-no ATP made by oxidative phosphortlayion