lecture 12 thermodynamics part 1 Flashcards
thermodynamics
study of energy and its various forms and transformation of energy from one form to another
energy
ability to do work or cause some sort of change or rearrange collection of matter (at molecular level)
what is done when energy is used
work
what do all organisms (and their cells) need to live
energy
what are a few examples of how organisms use energy
-for muscle contraction
-active transport + establish ion gradient across cells
-make new biomolecules in chem rxns
what do all chem rxns inolve
energy transformation
some chem rxns ___ energy to take place and others ______ energy when they occure
req; release
what are all energy trasnformtions governed by
1st and 2nd law of thermodyan,ocs
review metabolic path way map
-dot is:
-line is:
-dot is a moleq
-a line is a biochem rxn taking place
1st law of thermodyanmics
states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed but it can be transformed from one form to another
within universe energy = _______
constant
2nd law of thermodynamics
when energy is transformed or transferred the amount of usable energy available to do work is less than the original amount
is an energy transformation 100% efficient
no
how is energy usually “lost”
as heat to the environment
what does an energy transformation lead to an increase and decrease of
decrease of usable energy and increase in unusable energy
energy transformations lead to increase in _____
entropy
entropy is
disorder
order tends towards
disorder/randomness
disorder is more favorable or less
more favorable (more spontaneous)
gibbs free enrgy
usable energy in bio system. the energy cells use to do work
do all molecules have some free energy (G)
yes but it is hard to measure
remember G equations
ok
if delta G is (-), the rxn is
exergonic
-spontaneous
-thermodynamically stable
-energy is released
if delta G is (+), the rxn is
endergonic
-nonspontaneous
-thermodynamically unstable
-energy is used (work)
what does delta G also measure
systems instability or tendency to change to a more stable state
with G, equilibrium is a state of what
max stability (delta G = 0)
a rxn is only spontaneous if it is approaching _______
equilibrum
can spontaneous rxns do work
yes because they are releasing free enrgy
protein folding is ______/______
spontaneous/exergonic
-protein denaturing is endergonic
is facilitated diffusion exergonic or endergonic
exergonic because it is releasing energy/not using energy
-moleqs are moving with [] gradient
catabolic =
breaking it up
anabolic
making moleq
mechanical work
moving structures w/in the cell
