lecture 12 thermodynamics part 1

Question 1

thermodynamics

Answer 1

study of energy and its various forms and transformation of energy from one form to another

Question 2

energy

Answer 2

ability to do work or cause some sort of change or rearrange collection of matter (at molecular level)

Question 3

what is done when energy is used

Answer 3

work

Question 4

what do all organisms (and their cells) need to live

Answer 4

energy

Question 5

what are a few examples of how organisms use energy

Answer 5

-for muscle contraction
-active transport + establish ion gradient across cells
-make new biomolecules in chem rxns

Question 6

what do all chem rxns inolve

Answer 6

energy transformation

Question 7

some chem rxns ___ energy to take place and others ______ energy when they occure

Answer 7

req; release

Question 8

what are all energy trasnformtions governed by

Answer 8

1st and 2nd law of thermodyan,ocs

Question 9

review metabolic path way map

-dot is:
-line is:

Answer 9

-dot is a moleq
-a line is a biochem rxn taking place

Question 10

1st law of thermodyanmics

Answer 10

states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed but it can be transformed from one form to another

Question 11

within universe energy = _______

Answer 11

constant

Question 12

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 12

when energy is transformed or transferred the amount of usable energy available to do work is less than the original amount

Question 13

is an energy transformation 100% efficient

Answer 13

no

Question 14

how is energy usually “lost”

Answer 14

as heat to the environment

Question 15

what does an energy transformation lead to an increase and decrease of

Answer 15

decrease of usable energy and increase in unusable energy

Question 16

energy transformations lead to increase in _____

Answer 16

entropy

Question 17

entropy is

Answer 17

disorder

Question 18

order tends towards

Answer 18

disorder/randomness

Question 19

disorder is more favorable or less

Answer 19

more favorable (more spontaneous)

Question 20

gibbs free enrgy

Answer 20

usable energy in bio system. the energy cells use to do work

Question 21

do all molecules have some free energy (G)

Answer 21

yes but it is hard to measure

Question 22

remember G equations

Answer 22

ok

Question 23

if delta G is (-), the rxn is

Answer 23

exergonic
-spontaneous
-thermodynamically stable
-energy is released

Question 24

if delta G is (+), the rxn is

Answer 24

endergonic
-nonspontaneous
-thermodynamically unstable
-energy is used (work)

Question 25

what does delta G also measure

Answer 25

systems instability or tendency to change to a more stable state

Question 26

with G, equilibrium is a state of what

Answer 26

max stability (delta G = 0)

Question 27

a rxn is only spontaneous if it is approaching _______

Answer 27

equilibrum

Question 28

can spontaneous rxns do work

Answer 28

yes because they are releasing free enrgy

Question 29

protein folding is ______/______

Answer 29

spontaneous/exergonic
-protein denaturing is endergonic

Question 30

is facilitated diffusion exergonic or endergonic

Answer 30

exergonic because it is releasing energy/not using energy
-moleqs are moving with [] gradient

Question 31

catabolic =

Answer 31

breaking it up

Question 32

anabolic

Answer 32

making moleq

Question 33

mechanical work

Answer 33

moving structures w/in the cell