lecture 5

Question 1

what are two functions glucose performs in cell/organism

Answer 1

-in polymerized form it helps with structure
-accumulated together for storage 9glycogen in animals)
-broken down for ATP

Question 2

why can we only use starch for energy but not cellulose

Answer 2

because we dont have cellulose enzyme to break down cellulose (unlike microorganisms)

Question 3

glycosidate

Answer 3

enzymes that can break down bond between monomer in polymer

Question 4

unlike proteins, carbohydrates can use any of its carbons to make glycosidic bonds

True/flase

Answer 4

true

Question 5

glycogen + starch =>

Answer 5

use alpha glucose in their polymer or glucose linked together with alpha glycosidic bonds

Question 6

cellulose =>

Answer 6

use beta glucose in the polymer or glucose linked together with beta glycosidic bonds

Question 7

what do carbohydrates iclude

Answer 7

sugar monomers and polymers of sugar

Question 8

what are the simplest carbohydrates

Answer 8

monosaccharides or simple sugars

Question 9

what is the macromolecule of carbohydrates

Answer 9

polysaccharides, polymers composed of many sugar building blocks

Question 10

how many carbon hectoses do glucose and fructose have

Answer 10

six

Question 11

how many carbon hectoses does ribose have

Answer 11

five

Question 12

what does the suffix ose represent

Answer 12

sugars

Question 13

are glucose, furctose, and ribose polar

Answer 13

yes because of OH

Question 14

key function of monosaccharides in living organisms

Answer 14

simple sugars, especially glucose serve as major energy (fuel for cells)

Question 15

what do simple sugars serve as for other biomoleqs

Answer 15

building blocks

Question 16

glycosidic bonds

Answer 16

covalent bond that join monosaccharides together to form polymer

Question 17

when are glycosidic bonds broken down

Answer 17

during hydrolysis to form monosachharides

Question 18

what do enzymes catalyze the formation and breakage of

Answer 18

glycosidic bonds

Question 19

what enzyme breaks down glycosidic bond

Answer 19

glycosidase enzyme that hydrolyze glycosidic bonds

Question 20

glyco prefix signifies what

Answer 20

sugar

Question 21

what id disacharide

Answer 21

1 monosaccharides together

Question 22

dehydration rxn in synthesis of

Answer 22

maltose

Question 23

dehadration rxn in synthesis of

Answer 23

sucrose

Question 24

a few (oligo) or many (poly) monosachharides =

Answer 24

oligosacharide (10-50) and polysacharide (50+)

Question 25

when monosaccharides join together, they can form different complex sugar structures (unlike amino acids) because.....

Answer 25

-can join together different carbons in glycosidic bonds -orientation of glycosidic bonds matters too (alpha vs beta)

Question 26

starch and cellulose are made in what types of cells

Answer 26

plants

Question 27

starch has how many linages of alpha glucose monomers

Answer 27

1-4

Question 28

cellulose has how many linkages of beta glucose monomers

Answer 28

cellulose

Question 29

can the enzymes that hydrolyze starch and glycogen hydrolyze cellulose

Answer 29

no

Question 30

what type of polysaccharides are starch and glycogen

Answer 30

storage

Question 31

when does hydrolysis by glycosidase release glucose

Answer 31

when the demand for sugar increases

Question 32

glucose is __________ to generate ATP

Answer 32

metabolized

Question 33

storage carbohydrates are what

Answer 33

branched and form granules within cells

Question 34

starch is

Answer 34

plant carbohydrate storage

Question 35

glycogen is

Answer 35

animal carbohydrate storage

Question 36

what does branching create

Answer 36

more free ends where glucose can be added and hydrolyzed off to meet organisms energy needs

Question 37

cellulpse is what type of polysachharide

Answer 37

structural used to create strength

Question 38

microfibrils are

Answer 38

adjacent long chains of cellulose held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 39

OH group bind to adjacent cellulose groups to make _______

Answer 39

fibers

Question 40

what do fibers create

Answer 40

strong plant cells

Question 41

why is cellulose insoluble

Answer 41

because of how polar it is with all its hydroxyl groups. All the hydrogen bonding between strands means that there are very few OH groups that can bind to water (for something to be soluble, water has to be able to bind to it). Insoluble is not same as non polar

Question 42

is cellulose a source of glucose for most organisms

Answer 42

no because it lacks the enzymes to digest those beta glycosidic bonds present in cellulose moleqs since we lack the enzyme we don't break it down

Question 43

what do some organisms make to break down cellulose

Answer 43

the organisms is microorganisms and they make cellulase