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Bio 240 > lecture 5 > Flashcards

lecture 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are two functions glucose performs in cell/organism

A

-in polymerized form it helps with structure
-accumulated together for storage 9glycogen in animals)
-broken down for ATP

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2
Q

why can we only use starch for energy but not cellulose

A

because we dont have cellulose enzyme to break down cellulose (unlike microorganisms)

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3
Q

glycosidate

A

enzymes that can break down bond between monomer in polymer

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4
Q

unlike proteins, carbohydrates can use any of its carbons to make glycosidic bonds

True/flase

A

true

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5
Q

glycogen + starch =>

A

use alpha glucose in their polymer or glucose linked together with alpha glycosidic bonds

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6
Q

cellulose =>

A

use beta glucose in the polymer or glucose linked together with beta glycosidic bonds

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7
Q

what do carbohydrates iclude

A

sugar monomers and polymers of sugar

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8
Q

what are the simplest carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides or simple sugars

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9
Q

what is the macromolecule of carbohydrates

A

polysaccharides, polymers composed of many sugar building blocks

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10
Q

how many carbon hectoses do glucose and fructose have

A

six

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11
Q

how many carbon hectoses does ribose have

A

five

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12
Q

what does the suffix ose represent

A

sugars

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13
Q

are glucose, furctose, and ribose polar

A

yes because of OH

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14
Q

key function of monosaccharides in living organisms

A

simple sugars, especially glucose serve as major energy (fuel for cells)

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15
Q

what do simple sugars serve as for other biomoleqs

A

building blocks

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16
Q

glycosidic bonds

A

covalent bond that join monosaccharides together to form polymer

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17
Q

when are glycosidic bonds broken down

A

during hydrolysis to form monosachharides

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18
Q

what do enzymes catalyze the formation and breakage of

A

glycosidic bonds

19
Q

what enzyme breaks down glycosidic bond

A

glycosidase enzyme that hydrolyze glycosidic bonds

20
Q

glyco prefix signifies what

A

sugar

21
Q

what id disacharide

A

1 monosaccharides together

22
Q

dehydration rxn in synthesis of

A

maltose

23
Q

dehadration rxn in synthesis of

A

sucrose

24
Q

a few (oligo) or many (poly) monosachharides =

A

oligosacharide (10-50) and polysacharide (50+)

25
Q

when monosaccharides join together, they can form different complex sugar structures (unlike amino acids) because…..

A

-can join together different carbons in glycosidic bonds
-orientation of glycosidic bonds matters too (alpha vs beta)

26
Q

starch and cellulose are made in what types of cells

A

plants

27
Q

starch has how many linages of alpha glucose monomers

A

1-4

28
Q

cellulose has how many linkages of beta glucose monomers

A

cellulose

29
Q

can the enzymes that hydrolyze starch and glycogen hydrolyze cellulose

A

no

30
Q

what type of polysaccharides are starch and glycogen

A

storage

31
Q

when does hydrolysis by glycosidase release glucose

A

when the demand for sugar increases

32
Q

glucose is __________ to generate ATP

A

metabolized

33
Q

storage carbohydrates are what

A

branched and form granules within cells

34
Q

starch is

A

plant carbohydrate storage

35
Q

glycogen is

A

animal carbohydrate storage

36
Q

what does branching create

A

more free ends where glucose can be added and hydrolyzed off to meet organisms energy needs

37
Q

cellulpse is what type of polysachharide

A

structural used to create strength

38
Q

microfibrils are

A

adjacent long chains of cellulose held together by hydrogen bonds

39
Q

OH group bind to adjacent cellulose groups to make _______

A

fibers

40
Q

what do fibers create

A

strong plant cells

41
Q

why is cellulose insoluble

A

because of how polar it is with all its hydroxyl groups. All the hydrogen bonding between strands means that there are very few OH groups that can bind to water (for something to be soluble, water has to be able to bind to it). Insoluble is not same as non polar

42
Q

is cellulose a source of glucose for most organisms

A

no because it lacks the enzymes to digest those beta glycosidic bonds present in cellulose moleqs since we lack the enzyme we don’t break it down

43
Q

what do some organisms make to break down cellulose

A

the organisms is microorganisms and they make cellulase

Bio 240 (39 decks)

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