lecture 16 part 2 Flashcards
glucose homeostasis is under
extrinsic regulation
glucose homeostatsis is controlled by
a factor outside of the cells
hormone sthta regulate blood glucose levels
insuline and glucagon
insulin
made by beta islet cells of pancreas
glucagon
made by alpha islet cells of pancreas
glucose levels go back to normal quickly b/c of
beta cells of pancreas
beta cells of pancreas are snesitive to what
blood glucose []
elevated blood glucose [] causes what
beta cells to release inculin into bloodstream
insulin cells simtulates cells to what
take up glucose
-liver cells, muscle cells, and adipocytes
how does insulin stimulate liver cells
to convert glucose into glycogen and stop ocnverting glycogen into glucose
what does insulin promote
fatty acid synthesiis from glcose in liver (when it has enoug hglycogen)
unslin promotes glycerol production in
adipocytes
-with fatty acids form liver, these cells can make triaglycerides
glucagon are released from
alpha islet cells of the pancreas into bloodstrem whne blood glucose levels drop
what does glucagon bind
glucagon receptors on liver cells sending a signal that activates on enzyme that hydrolyzes glycogen, releasing glucose (glycogenolysis)
glucose goes out of liver cells and into the bloodstrea via
facilitated diffusion
when insulin binds to its receptors, it signals for what
vesciles containing the glucose transporter to go to the cell surface so the trasnporter can allow the glucose to enter the cell via facilitated diffusion
glut-4
glucose transporter
what happens after a while to Glut-4
it will be recyledd and more insulin will be needed to allow glucose to enter cell
what is diabetes
elevated blood glucose levels becaise cells can not import glucose due to lack of glut-4
adipose and muscle cells express lots of what
glut-4
what are the two types of diabetes
Type I and type II
type I diabetes
beta cells do not produce enough insulin, immune system destroys the bodys ow beta cells (autoimmune disease)
type II diabetes
bodys cells become insensitive to insulom
-bodys insulin may not bind to receptor
-insulin may bind but signaling to vesciles w/ glut-4
is type II or type I diabetes more common
type II
