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GLE 2024 (Day 3) > ORE DEP (MAGMATIC HYDRO ORE PROCESSES) > Flashcards

ORE DEP (MAGMATIC HYDRO ORE PROCESSES) Flashcards

1
Q

Notable properties of Water

A

High Heat Capacity
High Surface Tenstion
Max density just above freezing temp
High Dielectric constant

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2
Q

Clustering of water molecules around a dissolved ion

A

Hydration

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3
Q

Measure of a fluid’s ability to separate ions or other dipoles and is a function of the number of dipoles per unit vol

A

Dielectric Constant

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4
Q

Implication of high dielectic constant of water?

A

enhancing dissolution and increasing solubility

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5
Q

Lines of equal density

A

Isochores

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6
Q

Crystalline structure of Ice

A

Hexagonal

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7
Q

The phase boundary at which liquid and vapor are in equilibrium

A

Saturation vapor pressure
Boling Point Curve

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8
Q

Boiling point of water _______ as pressure increases

A

Increases

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9
Q

The point where it is no longer possible to increase the boiling pt by increase of pressure and where there is no longer a physical distinction between liquid and vapor

A

critical point

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10
Q

T and P of Critical Pt

A

374 deg cel and 221bar

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11
Q

The triple pt of water coexist at

A

0.008 deg cel
0.06 bar

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12
Q

Critical density of water at critical pt

A

0.3g/cc

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13
Q

a homogenous single phase (of water) that exist at pressures and temperatures above the critical point

A

Supercritical Fluid

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14
Q

Ideal Gas Law

A

PV=nRT

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15
Q

Early water derived from the degassing of volcanic magmas as they extruded onto the early crust

A

Juvenile Water

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16
Q

Substantial bodies of water first appeared on

A

Early Archean (Eoarchean) 3800 Ma

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17
Q

what is responsible for the water content of granitic magma?

A

Ponding of hyrdous basaltic melt at the base of the crust and diffusive transfer of elements and volatiles across conrod

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18
Q

Melting occurs without the presence of free water in the rock and is regarded as a realistic model for the generation of Granitic Magma in the Crust

A

Dehydration Melting

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19
Q

Arrange (Musc, Biot, Hnbld) in terms of water content (Hydrous)

A

(8-10%)Musc
(3-5%)Biot
(2-3%)Hbld

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20
Q

When meta-sed rocks compose of musc or musc+Biot-bearing rocks is melted it will produce

A

S-type Granites
Peraluminous
Relatively wet due to intila high H2O content

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21
Q

Ores related to wet Sgranite

A

Sn-W-U

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22
Q

What corresponds to the S granite in ishihara classification

A

Relatively reduced
Ilmenite series with low fO2

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23
Q

When meta-ign composed of Biot or Biot+Hbld Bearing rocks are melted it will yield

A

I-type Granite
Metaluminous
Relatively Dry

24
Q

Ore deposits related to Itype Granites

A

Porphyry Cu-Mo

25
Q

Why does magmatic hyrdothermal fluid boil at relatively shallow depth?

A

Because of low pressure and since the equilibrium vapor pressure equals that f the load pressure on the magmatic system and bubble of gas vesiculate

26
Q

Process by which VAPORSATURATION Is achieved by VIRTUE OF DECREASING Pressure after only about 10% crystallization and the water content of resdiual magma is at 3.3%

A

first boiling

27
Q

Where does first boiling usually occur?

A

high level systems (2km depth)

28
Q

Vapor saturation achieved by progressive crystallization of dominantly anhydrous minerals under isobaric conditionsan occurs more in deep-seated magmatic systems and only after relatuvely advanced stage of crystallization

A

Second Boiling

29
Q

Results in the overpressuring of the chamber interior and can cause brittle failure of the surroundung rocks

A

Hydrofracturing

30
Q

The products of precipiration of silica from hot aqueous solutions precolating thru farctures in the Crust

A

Qtz veins

31
Q

form of Qtz when dissolved

A

H4SiO4

32
Q

Composition of solute in High Tand P conditions

A

High Si, Na and K

33
Q

At lower P and T

A

Alkali decreases relative to silica

34
Q

Anionic substances contained in the magmatic aqueous soln

A

Ligands

35
Q

Typical solute content of magmatic fluis

A

Alkali, Alkali Earth metal Cations
Cl as dominant ligan

36
Q

Amount of sulfur in magmatic fluids reflects

A

Crustal levels

37
Q

At high crustal levels SO2 partitions into

A

Vaport Phase on Boiling

38
Q

What Form of sulfur is related to I-type magmatic fluids?

A

Oxidized and ftationates in the liquid phase

39
Q

Porphyry Cu and MO are asociated with abundant sulfides like

A

Pyrite and Chalcopyrite

40
Q

Reduced sulfur content promotes stability of sulfide minerals to lower temp and leads to the formation of

A

Scheelite and Wolframite

41
Q

Earlier generated fluids in primary fluid inclustions is characterized by

A

high T, High Salinity
Liqui-Vapor Phase Separation or boliing

42
Q

What confirms the high salinites in ore forming fluids trapped in fluid inclusions

A

Daughter Crystals - Tiny minreals precipitated from fluid on coling after it was trapped w/in the incusion

43
Q

Samples of daughter crystals

A

Halite and Sylvite

44
Q

A technique qwhich accuratrely and completely assess PCD related ore fluid composition from the quantitative analysis of individual fluid inclusions. This allows analysis of a cationic species in tiny volume of inclusion fluid up to 1ppm

A

Laser Ablation (LA)
Inductively Couples Plasma (ICP)
Mass Spectrometry

45
Q

In such boiling of magmatic fluid, where do metals or elements preferentially partition?

A

The liquid phase (Na, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb and Zn)

46
Q

where does Cu partition?

A

Into the vapor phase

47
Q

In this kind of magma CO2 exist as carbonate ionic complex

A

Alkaline

48
Q

CO2 solubility in magma is a function of

A

Presure and Alkalinity

49
Q

Where does CO2 preferetntially partition in early crystallizaton?

A

Vapor hase

50
Q

At higher crust describe CO2 abd H2O volatile levels

A

H2O is enriched while CO2 has already bubbled awat

51
Q

High CO2 magmatic fluids will promote

A

Immiscibility between Vapor and Saline Liquid Phase

52
Q

Whats the effects of Effervescene or removal of CO2 in the reminaing fluid

A

High Ph or salnity

53
Q

Effects of increasing pressure in phase partitioning of magmatic fluid

A

decreasig salineinity Brine
slowly increasing Saline fluid

54
Q

The tendency for brine solutions a low pressure, or in the presence of CO2 at higher pressure to segragate into two phases

A

Immiscibility

55
Q

what are the two phases to which a magmatic brine segragate

A

1) Dense more saline Brine
2) Less dense low salinity aqueous soln

GLE 2024 (Day 3) (48 decks)

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