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GLE 2024 (Day 3) > EXPLORATION GEOLOGY (REMOTE SENSING) > Flashcards

EXPLORATION GEOLOGY (REMOTE SENSING) Flashcards

1
Q

A comprehensive process of collecting information about an object, area, and phenomenon without coming in direct contact or touching itself

A

Remote Sensing

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2
Q

Method of data aquisition using remote sensing

A

Electromagnetic radiation from sensors

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3
Q

Reflection of Natural Light recoded on a light-sensitive emulsion-coated base film and printed on light-sensitive emulsion coated paper

A

Photographic Data

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4
Q

Reflected and emitted multispectral EM energy recoded directly in digital form on a magnetic tape or disk

A

Image Data

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5
Q

Wavelength of visible light

A

0.4-0.7 um

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6
Q

Blue

A

0.4-0.5 um

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7
Q

Green

A

0.5-0.6 um

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8
Q

Red

A

0.6-0.7 um

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9
Q

Infrared

A

0.7-300 um

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10
Q

A phenomenon that take the form of self-propagating energy waves as it travels through space and consits both electric and magnetic field which oscillate perpendicular to each other

A

Electromagnetic Radiation

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11
Q

An inclusive part of electromagnetic radiation and is an idealized theoretical radiator that absorbs 100% of all EM radiation that hits it

A

Black Body

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12
Q

The unpredictable diffusion of radiation by particles within the atmosphere

A

Atmosperic Scattering

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13
Q

The ranges of wavelength in which the athmosphere is particularly Transmissive

A

Atmospheric Windows

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14
Q

a collective term referring to the entire range and scope of frequencies of EM radiation

A

EM Spectrum

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15
Q

Frequency and Wavelength is _ proportional

A

Inversely

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16
Q

The difference between the intensity of EM radiation REFLECTED or EMITTED by an object at different wave length

A

Spectral Response or Signature

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17
Q

Vehicles or carries that carry the remote sensor

A

Platform

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18
Q

When was Landsat-1 launched by NASA?

A

Jul-72

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19
Q

The orig name of Landsat1

A

Earth Resource Technology satellite

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20
Q

purpose of landsat 1

A

Multispectral imegery for renewable an non renewable resources

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21
Q

The path of a celestial body or an artificial satelite as it revolves in an elliptical around another body is

A

Orbit

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22
Q

Altitude and Inclination angle of Polar Orbit Satellite

A

about 850km
80 and 105 deg of inclination

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23
Q

Complete revolution of a polar satellite

A

100 min

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24
Q

A geocentric orbit that combines altitude and inclination in such a way that an object that orbit ascends or descends over any given point of Earth’s Surface at the same local mean solar time

A

Sun-Synchronous/
Heliosynchronous/
Dawn-to-Dusk Orbit

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25
Q

An orbit directly above Earth’s equatorial orbit and stays over the same spot with a period equal to Earth;s rotational period and which appears mtionless in the sky from the Earth’s Surface

A

Geostationary Orbit

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26
Q

Latitude and Altitude of Geostationary obts

A

0 deg lart
36K Km

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27
Q

Devices which detect and record intesities of EM radiation in various spectral channels

A

Sensors

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28
Q

sensors which uses naturally occurring energy reflected, emitted, and transmitted by part of the EM spectrum and rely on the solar illuminiation side of Earth or the natural thermal radtiation for the source of energy

A

Passive Sensors

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29
Q

Exampls of PASSIVE sensors

A

Landsat Multispectral Scanner
Landsat ThematiC Scanner
SPOT (French, satellotes Pour l’observation de la terre)
Space Shuttle

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30
Q

Sensors which used their own illumination as source of erngy

A

Active like Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

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31
Q

type of resol’n which includes the GEOMETRIC properties of the ground covered under the IFOV of the sensor

A

Spatial Resoln

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32
Q

The maximum angle at which a sensor can effectively detect EM energy (Imaging)

A

Instataneous Field of View (IFOV)

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33
Q

the span of wavelength over which a spectral channel operates by the senros

A

Spectral Resolution

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34
Q

the degree of intensities of radiation the sensor is able to distinguish

A

Radiometric Resolution

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35
Q

the repetitive coverage over an area by the sensor and is equal to the time interval between successve observations

A

Temporal Resoln

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36
Q

smallest item of info in an image which is represented by a number equivalent to ave radiance and brightness and are normally arranged 2D grid (x,y)

A

Pixel

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37
Q

a set of images arranged to facilitate a bird’s eye view of an area and is done by cutting and merging each overlapping scene image

A

Mosaic

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38
Q

correcting defects in images during data collection and subsequent transfer to a ground station

A

Image Restoration

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39
Q

the procedure of improving the quality and information content of an original data before processing

A

Image enhancement

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40
Q

performed by linear transformation expanding the original range of gray level

A

Contrast Enhancement

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41
Q

Improves naturally occuring linear features like fault, shear zones, and lineaments.

A

Spatial Filtering

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42
Q

converts continuous gray tone range into a series of density intervals marked by a separate color or symbol to represent different features

A

Density Slicing

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43
Q

Commonly used in remote sensing compared to true color because of the absence of a pure blue color band because further scattering is dominant in the blue wavelength

A

False Color Composite

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44
Q

Wavelengths combined in FCC

A

Shortwave Infrared (Red)
Near Infrared (Green)
Green Visible Band (Blue)

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45
Q

FCC of vegetation

A

Red

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46
Q

FCC of clear water

A

dark

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47
Q

FCC of green water bodies

A

Blue

48
Q

Remote sensing evidence for Hydrocarbons

A

Striking circular drainage anomalies
Geobotanical and tonal anomalies due to seepage
Regional Lineaments in Oil bearing regionas
Films of Oil Slicks on Oceans

49
Q

GIS

A

ellipsoid

50
Q

Info associated with underlying geography or description of location

A

Spatial Information

51
Q

Distance of Latitude and Longtitude lines from each other

A

69miles or 111 km

52
Q

Accuracy of depiction of location and shape of map features

A

Resoluton

53
Q

Min size of objects can be detected by sensor system

A

Spatial Resolution

54
Q

used to portray 3D Earth into 2D Flat surface

A

Map Projection

55
Q

Projection for Equatorial Regions

A

Cylindrical

56
Q

Projection for Midlatitude like Canada

A

Conic

57
Q

Projection for polar or Circular regions

A

Planar or Azimuthal

58
Q

Reference system to represent location of features, imagerey and observation such as GPS locations w/in a common framework

A

Coordinate System

59
Q

A combination of all fators that identify a point on sphere and a 2 representation of the sphere

A

Spatial Reference Framework

60
Q

Science of measuring the Earth

A

Geodesy

61
Q

Sceince of identifying and measuring specific locations on Earth

A

Surverying

62
Q

A mathemeatical model of the size and shape of the Earth

A

Ellipsoid

63
Q

Slightly non-spherical but not necesarilly math definable

A

Spheroid

64
Q

Theoretical surface usually Mean Sea Lvel and used as basis for the Vertical Datrum and as reference of Horizontal Datum

A

Geoid

65
Q

A spheroid used as an (X,y) reference to all points in the ral globe

A

Horizontal Datum

66
Q

Level surface to which heights (elevation) are referenced

A

Vertical datum

67
Q

Two types of Coordinate System

A

1) Global or Spherical or Geographic
2) Projected

68
Q

A geodetic datum in the Philippines can be used onshore for topographic Mapping and was referenced to Clarke 1866 ellipsoid and the prime meridian

A

Luzon 1911

69
Q

The origin of Luzon 1911

A

Hinanggayon, Marinduque

70
Q

Coordinates of Hinnangayon Marinduque

A

13 deg 33 min 41 Sec n
121 deg 52 min 03 sec E

71
Q

Datum code of Luzon 1911

A

6683

72
Q

A homogenous national network of Geodetic Control Points (GCPs) marked by mojons and primarily used to survey political boundaries in the Ph

A

PRS 92 Phil Reference System 1992

73
Q

A projected coordinated which creates a series of Central Meridians and is designed primarily for collecting survey data in the PH

A

Ph Transverse Mercator

74
Q

Central Meridians of PTM

A

117, 119, 121, 123, 125 E

75
Q

PTM zone 1

A

117 E area west of 118 E SW Palawan

76
Q

PTM zone 2

A

119 E: Central and NE Palawan and Calamian Islands

77
Q

PTM zone 3

A

121 E: Luzon except (SE), Mindoro

78
Q

PTM zone 4

A

123 E: SE Luzon, W.Mindanao, Panay, Negros

79
Q

PTM Zone 5

A

125 E: East Mindanao, Bohol and Samar, Central-E.Mindanao

80
Q

Represent features as a matrix of cells in continuous space

A

Raster

81
Q

Represent features as lines, points and polygons

A

Vector

82
Q

A 3D surface model derived from irregularly spaced points and break line features and has triangle as its basic unit consisting of three lines and 3 nodes. Created by digitizing contour maps

A

Triangulated Irregular Network TINs

83
Q

where are TINs useful?

A

Road and Rail Line Planning
Dam Site Planning
Reservoir Capacity Estimation
Identifying ridge lines and valley
Cut and Filling problems

84
Q

Stored as individual XY corrdinated and equivalen to individual row column enty in a grid

A

Point

85
Q

Stired as a set of mathematically connected XY coordinates and a set of connected grid cells

A

Lines

86
Q

Stored as a set of mathematically connected XY coodinate defining a boundary or a set of contiguous grid cells defining an interior

A

Areas

87
Q

Sources collected by direct measurement like Raster Satellite Images, Vector Building survey measurements

A

Primary Sources

88
Q

Sources which are resued from earlier studies or obtained from other stystems like scanned photographs,

A

Secondary Source

89
Q

Totalty of Features

A

Data Completenes

90
Q

Degree of details displayed in a uniform space

A

Data Precision

91
Q

Discrepancy between actual and coded attribute value

A

Data Accuracy

92
Q

Absence of conflicts in a particular database

A

Data Consistency

93
Q

Another term for Polar Orbit

A

Low Earth Orbit (1000 miles)

94
Q

Low Res Satellite

A

MODIS

95
Q

Medium Reso Satellite

A

ASTER and LANDSAT

96
Q

Used inSAR which measures evlevation in two antennas and has one of themost accurate DEM of Earth with 90m Date Sets

A

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)

97
Q

an active sensor that measures ground height using light from an airplane or helicopter platform and measures the time for ligt to bounse back to the sensor

A

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)

98
Q

Type of DEM that LiDAR produces

A

DSM (Digital Surface Mdel)

99
Q

An efective tool for collecting DEM data under challenging circumstances such as cloud cover, extreme weatehr conditions, rugged terrain and remote locations. Uses Two Synthetic Aperture Radar

A

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR)

100
Q

Differetentiate DEM, DSM, DTM,

A

DEM - Height and Elevation mostly
DSM - includes all the objects on the surface and is good for forestry
DTM - bare ground surface without objects and show only ridges and contour

101
Q

Satellite specifically designed for Earth observation from the orbit but intended for non military use

A

Earth Observation Satellite

102
Q

An object detection system that uses radio waves o determine the range, angle or velocity of objects. Image is careated by detection of object’s location and speed

A

Radio Detection and Ranging or Radio Direction and Ranging

103
Q

A method that uses light in the form of pulsed laser to measure ranges (Distances) to the Earth. Generates precise 3D info about the shape of the Earth

A

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)

104
Q

A LiDar which uses NIR lase to map the land

A

Topographic LiDAR

105
Q

A lidar which uses water penetrating green light to measure the seafloor

A

Bathymetric LiDAR

106
Q

Helpful in mapping the ocean because sound waves travels farther in water that radio and lihgt

A

Sound Navigation and Ranging (SoNAR)

107
Q

A sonar which emit acoustic signals and can determine range and orientation of object

A

Active Sonar

108
Q

The original name of Global Positioning System when it was developed for Military applicatons by the US

A

Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging (NASATIRA)

109
Q

What are the three segments of GPS?

A

Space, Ground Control and User Segments

110
Q

How many satellites is needed to compute for 2D position

A

3 Satellites

111
Q

How many GPS zones are there?

A

60

112
Q

The simplest, cheapest and easiest unit of GPS consisiting of a single receiver

A

Handheld GPS

113
Q

A GPS which works on simultaneous measurements by receivers at a reference station with precisely known locations. Corrrection is made by comapring it to the base station

A

Differential Code Phase GPS

114
Q

A GPS that resulted in the development of land surverying, geological mapping, and as a guide to reach target destination. Distance can be measured up to a ditsnce of 30km

A

Carrier Phase Tracking GPS

115
Q

an electronic/opical instrument used in all-purpose surveying and is used to record absolute locations, geological contact, results of surveys,borehole programs and even undergoround working layout and slopes

A

Electronic Total Station

116
Q

ESRI stands for?

A

Environmental Systems Research Institutes

GLE 2024 (Day 3) (48 decks)

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