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GLE 2024 (Day 3) > EXPLORATION GEOLOGY (ROCK MECHANICS) > Flashcards

EXPLORATION GEOLOGY (ROCK MECHANICS) Flashcards

1
Q

Three aspects of Geotechnical Investigations during exploration?

A

1) Soil (Overburden)
2) Rocks
3) Subsurface Water

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2
Q

Uncemented material at or near the surface and can include weathered or broken rock

A

Soil

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3
Q

Solid material which is excavated during mining to reach and extract the ore

A

Rock

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4
Q

Part of the soil and the rock and is found in the pores, and in joint, fractures and fissures

A

Subsurface water

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5
Q

2 types of Geotech data

A

1) Subjective Data - Core loging and sides of excavation
2) Quantitative Data - measurements such as rock and joint stress, virgin rock stress

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6
Q

What type of Geological Data is extremely important in mine Planning?

A

Strutctural Information
(Joints, Cleavage, Cleats, Beddnig Fissures, faults)
(Fracture spacing, attitude and infill)

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7
Q

The subjective description of the core wherein pieces of core greater than 10 cm are measured and their length summed then divided by the total length of the core run and expressed as percentage

A

Rock Quality Designation (RQD)
(Low% Poor Rock Quality
High % High Rock Quality)

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8
Q

what are the subjective tests included in the determination of Rock Mass Rating (RMR)?

A

1) Strength of Intact Rock
2) RQD
3) Joint Spacing
4) Conditions of Joints
5) Ground Warer Conditions

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9
Q

Use of RMR?

A

Can use to calculate stand up time of an underground unsupported excavation

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10
Q

Rock Material Strength

A

Unconfined strength

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11
Q

Extremely Strong

A

> 250 Mpa

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12
Q

Very Strong

A

100-250 Mpa

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13
Q

Strong

A

50-100 Mpa

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14
Q

Medium

A

25-50 Mpa

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15
Q

Weak

A

5-25 Mpa

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16
Q

Very Weak

A

1-5 Mpa

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17
Q

Sound RQD

A

> 100%

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18
Q

Fissured RQD

A

90-100%

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19
Q

Jointed RQD

A

50-90%

20
Q

Fractured RQD

A

1-50%

21
Q

Shattered RQD

A

<1%

22
Q

Excellent

A

> 90

23
Q

Good

A

75-90

24
Q

Fair

A

50-75

25
Q

Poor

A

25-50

26
Q

Very Poor

A

<25

27
Q

Main properties of Rock used for quantitative Assessment?

A

1) Porosity and Permability - Assessment of subsurface water

2) SG (Bulk Density) - Mass of the Rock

3) Durability and Slakability - reveals the effects of alternate wetting and drying of the rock

4) Sonic Velocity - indication of fracture intensity of a rock

5) Rock Strength- Most important property

28
Q

When forces are directed towards each other but not necesarrily in line

A

Shear Stress

29
Q

Response of the material to stress by producing deformation

A

Strain

30
Q

The linear relationship between stress and strain

A

Hooke’s Law

31
Q

The constant connecting stress and strain and gives the measure of stiffness

A

Young’s modulus/ Modulus of Elasticity

32
Q

How much is the tensile (pulling strength) of a rock?

A

Generally, <1/10 compressive strength

33
Q

a point above which the strain is not anymore recoverable

A

Yield Point

34
Q

What type of Material is Granite

A

Perfectly Elastic

35
Q

What type of Material is Clay?

A

Plastic

36
Q

What type of Material is Marble?

A

Elastoplastic

37
Q

What type of material is shale?

A

Ductile

38
Q

What is important to take note in exploration programs in reference to hydrogeology?

A

Note where the water table is encuntered in a borehole
(Water pressure, and volume of water)

39
Q

A borehole or wireline survey used to obtain a quantitative estimate of the contribution a partibular bed or joing may make to the water inflow at a site

A

Packer Test

40
Q

Descrbies how much water is stored or a rock can hold in the voids in between grains, and joints

A

Porosity

41
Q

Measure of how easily such stored water can flow through and out the rock

A

Permeability

42
Q

Relative Ease of Flow

A

Hydraulic Conductivity

43
Q

The rate at which the head water change laterally with distance

A

Hydraulic Gradient

44
Q

Darcy’s law which is the emirpical description of flow of water is expressed by

A

v = Ki
v-Spcecific discharge or the velocity or laminar flow of water through a porous medium
K- Hydraulic conductivty
i- Hydraulic gradient

45
Q

a tube which is used to measure the level to which the water rises (Head of Water) when a borehole is drilled

A

Piezometer

46
Q

Rocks which are permable and allow water to flow freely through joints, fractures and pores

A

Aquifers

47
Q

rocks which have a low peremability and are impervious and do not allow water to flow through them

A

Aquicludes

GLE 2024 (Day 3) (48 decks)

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