OPTHALMOLOGY 6 Flashcards
components make up the uvea?
choroid
iris
ciliary body
3 broad causes of uveitis
local to the eye
systemic
idiopathic
steps for treatment of uveitis?
- deal with cause
- reduce intraocular inflammation and restore blood aqueous barrier
- achieve moderate mydriasis and reduce ciliary muscle spasm
- monitor IOP
tx options for uveitis
corticosteroids
NSAIDS
immunosurpressives
mydriatics/cycloplegics
steroids should not be mixed with which med?
NSAIDS
what is glaucoma?
elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP)
glaucoma is the conggestion of what structure?
trabecular meshwork
how is glaucoma diagnosed? [by specialist]
goniolens shows lack of holes in the pectinae ligament
why is glaucoma an emergency?
irreversable damage to ganglion cells of neuroretina and ischaemic damage within hours
signs of acute glaucoma?
pain, lethargy
visual loss
episcleral and venous congestion
poorly resposnvie pupil
corneal oedema
Intraocular pressure (IOP)
should be checked in every
patient with
- Red eye
- Unexplained visual loss
- Poorly responsive pupils
- Diffuse corneal oedema
- Care- inadvertent pressure on the neck
(occlusion of jugular vein) or onto the
globe can cause a falsely high reading
what is normal IOP range?
10-25 mmHg
what is the difference in globe appearence between C and A glaucoma?
C: enlarged globe. eneucleate
A: not enlarged globe. emergency
what is the difference in tx between primary & secondary glaucoma?
primary: refer
secondary: treat underlying disease
which is more common: primary or secondayr glaucoma
secondary
what are some common causes of secondary galucoma
lens luxation
uveitis
intraocular noeplasia
retinal detachment
inocular haemorrhage
ocular melanosis of cairn terrier
what are the 3 classes of glaucoma eye drops
- prostaglandin analogues
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- beta adrenergic cblockers
how do prostaglandin analogues work?
primary or secondary glaucoma use?
increase drainage of uveoscleral route (10% of total drainage)
primary only
how do carbonic anhydrase inhibiotrs work?
primary or secondary glaucoma use?
reduce aqueous production
both
beta blockers
reduces blood flow to ciliary body
usually in combination with CAI
