NEUROLOGY 5 Flashcards
what is the main function of the vestibular system?
miantaining balance
what are some components of the peripheral vestibular system?
-vestibular receptors in ear
-vestibular nerve (CN VIII)
what are some componenets of the centeral vestibular system?
-vestibular nucleii in brainstem
-cerebellum
what is the most common sign of vestibular system disease
head tilt
what is nystagmus?
What are the directional types?
-involuntary jerking of the eye
-slow and fast phase
-horizontal or rotatory
nystagmus has a fast and slow phase. which is CONTRALATERAL to the lesion?
fast phase [toward lesion]
describe vestibular ataxia
-what is another clinical sign of vestibular disease?
falling, rolling, drifting
-another is vomiting/nausea
how can you differentiate central and peripheral vestibular disease?
Does Horner syndrome indicate central or peripheral vestibular damage?
what is horner syndrome? (4 characteristics)
what is paradoxical vestibular syndrome?
-how can this be diagnosed?
-contradictory vestibular signs caused by lesion of cerebellum
-postural rxn deficits on the ipsilateral side, however head tilt towards contralateral side[head tilt is usually ipsilateral]
describe bilateral vestibular disease
-absent nystagmus
-absent head tilt
-side to side swaying of head
-broad base stand
-falling to either side
[anomalaous diseases of the vestibular system…]
-what are two types of peripheral vestibular disease?
[metabolic diseases of the vestibular system…] most common one?
hypothyroidism
[neoplastic diseases of the vestibular system…]
-SCC
-ceruminous gland adenoma/adenocarcinoma
-cholesteatoma
[iatrogenic diseases of the vestibular system…]
-clorohex/aminoglycosides toxicity when used on a ruptured tympanic membrane
-other drug toxicities to vestibular/auditory receptors: streptomycin, gentamycin, neomycin, kanamycin, amikacin
what ist he most common cuzse of peripheral vestibular disease?
infectious
on otitis media/interna…
-otoscope
-often have previous otitis externa
idiopathic vestibular disease
-describe the onset and progression
-tx
ON CENTRAL VESTIBULAR DIESAE
what is the most common central vestibular inflammatory disease?
GME: Granulomatous
Meningoencephalomyelitis
central vestibular disease with toxic causess can be die to intoxicatio of which med?
metronidazole
describe symptoms of CNI disease
nasal discharge
nasal obstruction
loss of apetiti?
-challenging to diagnose
describe symtpoms of CNII disease (2 things)
Blindness. &. PLR deficit
how do differentiate if blindness is due to a lesion of the brain or nerve tracT?
blindness without PLR: lesion on nerve tract
blindness with PLR: lesion on brain
anosocoria follows a parasympathetic and sympathetic pathway. how to differentiate which one the lesion is on in a cas eof anosocoria?
MISSED SOME STUFF
what are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?
mandibular
opthalmic
maxillary
-describe symtpom of a bilateral lesion of the mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
-what about unilateral lesion?
MORE ON BILATERLA LESION OF MANDIBULAR BRANCH LYMPHOME AND IDIATHIC TRIG NEURITID
MORE ON TRIGEM NERVE SHEATH TUMOUR
signs of facial nerve CN VII lesion?
[CNVII lesion] breed predisposition to idiopathic facial nerve paralysis?
-tx?
cocker spaniels
Regarding vestibulocochlear nerve, what are white coat color breeds predisposed to?
Deafness
what are signs of CN VIII lesion?
what are signs of CN IX lesion?
-gag/swallowing reflex issues
-dysphagia
signs of CN X lesion?
-laryngela paralysis
-megaoesophagus
signs of CN XI lesion?
atrophy of neck muscles on palpation
describe signs of CN XII lesion
deficits in tongue movement
Ipsilateral postural reaction deficits indicate a lesion where in the brain?
What about contractural postural reaction deficits?
Ipsilateral: cerebellum, brain stem, spinal cord
Contralateral: forebrain
