DERMATOLOGY 1 Flashcards by Kashvi Pandya

what are 3 cell types in the epidermis

-keratinocytes
-melanocytes
-langerhans cells

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what is the main cell in the epidermis

keratinocyte

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what are the steps to keratinocyte production?

how long does this process take?

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how to differentiate melaocytes form bacteria on stain?

bacteria: always blue on stain. more disorganised. smaller

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during Increased cell infiltration in inflammation, which layer of skin do these cells go to?

dermis, which is connective tissue

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what r these?

macromelanosomes

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skin scrapes must go down until we see capillary ooze. why si this?

bc there is no blood supply in the epidermis

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what are 4 epidermal apengades/adnexae

Simple versus compound follicles
– Hair follicle units
Arrector pili muscles
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands

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[the bulbs look different in anagen and telogen!]

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in animals, which hair phase lasts the longest?

telogen
[except in non-shedding constant hair growing breeds such as poodles etc]

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which phase of hair growth is vulnerable to chemotherapy?

anagen

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what si the different between priritus & mutilation in TISSUE presesntation?

mutilation: affects subcutaneous tissue as well ,not just skin.

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describe symmetrical alopecia

lesion in the same spot, not necessarily same shape

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inflammatory alopecia

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_____alopecia is normal to inflammatory

______ alopecia is normal to atrophic

[multifocal vs symmetric]

multifocal

symmetrical

scaling is the accumalation of what cells?

which is more common: primary or secondary?

karatinocytes

secondary

what is lichenification

thickening of skin

Hyperkeratosis is thickening of which layer of skin?

what abt acanthosis?

stratum corneum
acanthosis=epidermis

hyperkeratinosis:
orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis:
parakeratotic hyperkeratosis:

hyperkeratosis: scaling
orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis: increase in non-nucleated keratinocytes
parakeratotic hyperkeratosis: thickened SC with nucleated keratinocytes

what is lichenification?

thickening of the skin

whats this? [the cracks]

what is seborrhoea?

greasy accumulation of sebum & exudate

what is the differnet btwn a papula, plaque, and nodule?

papule <1cm
nodule >1cm
plaque-flat topped

what is a wheal?

accumalation of fluid within skin. dermal oedema

what si a cyst?

* Epithelial lined cavity with fluid or semi-fluid material

what is the difference in a pustule and a vesicle?

pustule: pus-filled vesicle: fluid-filled

epidermal collarette is [nearly] pathognomonic for what?

exfoliative staphylococcal pyoderma

what are crusts?

dried exudate: blood, serum, pus

difference btwn eorsion and ulcer?

erosion: basement membrane intact ulcer: basement membrane lost

what is the different btwn sinus and fistula?

fistula: connects epithelial lined compartments sinus: connects soemthing else

What is erythema? 2 types/patterns? how can you differentiate it from haemorrhage?

erythema is redness of skin due to increased blood flow diffuse & macular-papular can be differentiation by blanching: turns white temporarily when pressed. haemorrhage does not blanch