NEUROLOGY 2 Flashcards
what are some clinical signs of forebrain disease
-abnormal compulsive behavior
what are some CONTRALATERAL signs of forebrain disease?
-postural rxn deficits
-central blindness
-sensory deficits
what are some IPSILATERAL signs of forebrain disease?
-head turn
-pleurothoronus
-adverse
what is another sign of forebrain disease: the most common one?
seizures
what are differential diagnoses/causes of forebrain disease?[mneumonic]
what are vascular differentials for forebrain disease?
-diffuse cerebral ischemia
-focal cerebral ischemia
-multifocal/focal haemorrhages
[vascular diseases of the forebrain…]
what are potential causes of diffuse cerebral ischaemia?
[vascular diseases of the forebrain…]
what are potential causes of focal cerebral ischaemia?
[vascular diseases of the forebrain…]
what are potential causes of focal haemorrhages?
what are some common infectious/inflammatory differentials for forebrain disease?
[its 3 viruses, 2 protozoa]
[infectious/inflammatory diseases of the forebrain…]
what are the two types/manefestations of rabies?
furious n paralytic
[infectious/inflammatory diseases of the forebrain…]
what is the most common neuro symptoms of distemper?
myoclonus
[infectious/inflammatory diseases of the forebrain…]
what are 3 types of manifestations of FIP?
[infectious/inflammatory diseases of the forebrain…]
what are the two most common protozoal diseases that have neuro symptoms?
what is the most common inflammatory disease in dogs?
meningoencephalitis of unknown origin
-what is the tx for meningoencephalitis of unknown origin?
-what is the prognosis?
primary traumatic injury to the brain is nonreversible. however, what can be controlled?
secondary injury:
-ischaemia
-excitotoxicity
-cerebral edema
-haemorrhage
initial change in intercranial space can be accomodated by _______
CSF
however once threshold reached, we see signs of head truama
in head trauma management, which type of pain relief is contraindicated?
steroids
some (4) causes of increased ICP in head trauma?
– Intracranial hemorrhage
– Cerebral edema
– Systemic hypotension
– Hypoxemia
describe the progressive size and responsiveness changes of pupils due to head truma
-these will occur due to dysfunction of which specific structure?
-normal
-miosis
-mydriasis
what are some signs of brainstem injuries?
-abnormal oculocephalic reflex
-bilateral miotic, mydriatic, asymmetrical pupils
-strabismus
-gag reflex abnormalities
what is the cushings reflex?
reflex causing bradycardia n hypertension due to increases in ICP
congenital anomalous diseases of the forebrain normally do NOT progress over time except _________
hydrocephalus
whats the most common brain malformaiton in dogs n cats?
hydrocephalus
breed predisposition to congenital hydrocephalus?
toy[n brachy]
what is a fontanelle?
fissure, often remains open, especially in chihuahuas
-not a cause of hydrocephalus, but can help by giving brain space to expand
what are some (3) clinical signs of hydrocephalus?
-eyes?
2 main treatments for congenital hydrocephalus?
[metabolic diseases of the forebrain…]
-what are some examples of metabolic diseases of the forebrain?
[metabolic diseases of the forebrain…]
-what are two causes/types of hepatic encepalopathy?
-what RLLY NEED MORE INFO TO BE HONEST!!!!!
-acquired
-congenital PSS
what is hepatic encepelopathy?
-what is a common cause of it?
-what are common signs of it?
-acquired liver fialure
-PSS
-GI
what arr ways to diagnose hepatic encepalopathy?
-tx?
[toxic diseases of the forebrain…]
^ will cause which type of forebrain clinical signs?
-diffuse/focal?
-uni/bilateral?
diffuse bilateral
[neoplastic diseases of the forebrain…]
-two categories are primary and secondary. which primary si the msot common in cats?
meningioma
[degenerative diseases of the forebrain…]
-what is storage disease?
-accumulation of products of cell metabolism within the lysosome
