ECC III Flashcards
When should you do a transfusion: tachycardia or bradycardia?
tachycardia
what are 5 clinical signs that a patient needs a blood transfusion
tachycardia
tachypnoea
pallor
hyperdynamic pulses
lactate levels
what are 5 types of transfusions [whole blood,…]
whole blood
packed red blood ells
fresh frozen plasma
frozen plasma
cryos/cryoprecipitate
which type of transfusion is ideal in patients with anaemia, clotting factor deficiencies, and blood loss?
whole blood
packed red blood cell is created by centrifuging blod to concentrate the red cells.
what is its PCV? (%)
example of a condition to use it?
PCV = 60-65%
condition: IMHA
which type of transfusion has the main benifit of containing clotting factors, albumin, and labile factors?
fresh frozen plasma
frozen plasma is different to fresh frozen plasma becasue it cannot be relied on to contain _______
labile factors
how is cryoprecipitate formed?
does it contain labile or non-labile factors?
thawing and centrifuging fresh frozen plasma
-labile factors
how is cryosurpernatant formed?
does it contain labile or non-labile factos?
essentially leftover process of forming cryoprecipitate.
-non-labile factors
which transfusion product could be used in rodenticide toxicity?
cryosupernatant
also fresh frozen plasma
blood type AB cats are often given transfusions from type ______ [A or B]
why?
A.
they have LESS B antibodies
there are multiple dog blood types.
practically, we only assess the one MOST likely to give a transfusion rxns which is _______
DEA 1 [they can be either positive or negative]
what is a major downside of xenotransfusion?
it is only a short term fix
major cross matching combines what two things?
donor cells + recipient plasma
minor cross matching combines what two things?
donor plasma + recipient cells
in cross matching, does agglutination indicate that you should give the transfusion? or should NOT give the transfusion?
agglutionation = do NOT give transfusion
cross matching should be performed how many days after the first transfusion?
> 4
should a transfusion be started SLOW or FAST?
slow!
a transfusion should be aimed to be given within ____ hrs to minimise bacterial contamination
4
Which type of transfusion reaction is a type II hypersensitivity reaction where antibodies cause lysis of the red cell?
acute haemolytic transfusion rxn
which type of transfusion rxns results in destruction to PCV over 1-28 days?
Delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions
which is the most common transfusion rxn and is= rectal temp increase by >1C?
Febrile non-haemolytic reaction
which type of transfusion rxn can be severe enough to cause anaphylaxis?
acute hypersensitivity
POCUS of the heart can help with which type of transfusion rxn?
volume overload
what is an autotransfusion?
giving blood back to the same patient
[often from haemoabdomen etc]
[must test that blood is not contaminated by bile urine etc]
