ENDOCRINOLOGY 6 & 7 Flashcards
insulin comes from where?
-which organ?
-which cells?
-which subtypes of those cells?
alpha n beta cells
islet of langerhans
pancreas
describe the normal physiology of insulin secretion in the body
-eat a meal increases blood glucose
-pancreas releases insulin which increases glucose uptake by peripheral cells: especially muscle, liver, fat
in relation to this piture, describe the difference/pathophysiology of insulin resistanct vs insulin deficient diabetes
-insulin deficient: insulin simply not produces by the pancreas
-insulin resistant: insulin receptor on the cell stops working
which species is more likely to ddevelop insulin resistent diabetes?
cats
signalment of diabetes:
-some breed predispositions?
-sex?
schnauzer, samoyed, cairn terrier
some clinical signs of diabetes?
PUPD
polyphagia
weihgt loss
cataracts
haematology changes in diabetes?
-often normal
serum biochemistry changes in diabetes?
-hyperglycaemia
-high fructosamine
-hypercholesterolaemia
-hypertriglyceridemia
-high ALT n ALP
what are 2 forms of management for diabetes?
-which is for cats only?
-insulin preparations
-SGLT2 inhibitors (cats only)
what are 2 lisenced insulin preperation products?
-caninsulin
-ProZinc-cat
what is a lisenced SGLT2 inhibitor product?
senvelgo
is uncomplicated cases, insulin typically needs ot be administered how often?
2x daily
describe diet for diabetes
-palatable
-low simple sugars
-high fibre: slow release of glucose
in dogs w diabetes, you should monitor glucose levels in urine often. in cats, you should monitor __________
ketones
describe exercise management in cases with diabetes
-must be consistent!
-spontaneous sporadic exercise is bad –> can induce hyperglycemia
what are some concurrent diseases to diabetes that should be checked for?
-UTI
-pancreatitis
-ketosis/DKA
-drug history
-pregnancy
-hypertension
-cataracts
-hypersomatotropism
-obestiy
what is an intumescent cataract?
in diabetes: lens swells dramatically + cataract
what causes cataracts in diabetic dogs?
glucose enters lens, converted to sorbitol which cannot go through lens capsule, so draws water in n causes opactiy
hypersomatotropism is a concurrent disease in diabetes. what are some treatments for it?
what are some pros and cons of each treatment option?
- increase insulin dose
- transphenoidal hypophysectomy
- radiotherapy
CHECK LECTURE TO SEE IF HE SAYS THAT WE NEED OT KNOW THE DOSE OF INSULIN
what si diabetes ketoacidossi
-presence of ketones in blood or urine indicative of insufficient insulin
-[severe complication of DM requiring emergency care]
in diabetic ketoacidosis, which two electrolytes need to be monitored and supplemented?
potassium
phosphate
