Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals : Topical Anesthetics Flashcards
What is the purpose of topical anesthetics?
To numb the surface of a body part
What are the uses of topical anesthetics?
- Assessment of eye trauma
- Measurement of IOP
- Removal of superficial foreign bodies
- Ophthalmic Surgery
- Reduce stinging from dilating drops
What is the Mechanism of Action of topical anesthetics?
- Reduce sodium permeability
- Nerve impulse does not transmit
What is the removal of Superficial Foreign Bodies>
Metallic Foreign Body
Rust Ring
Requires Alger Brush to “polish away” stained cells
What is the Sensory Nerve Pathway?
High sensitivity of nerves in CORNEA Sensory information travels from cornea - Corneal Nerves - Long ciliary nerves - Nasociliary nerves - Ophthalmic nerves - Trigeminal nerve CN (V)
What are examples of Topical Anesthesia?
- Alcaine (Propacarpine Hydrochloride)
- Minims Tetracaine Hydrachloride (Tetracain Hydrochloride)
- Fluress (Benoxinate and Fluoscein Sodium)
- 10% Cocaine
What are Alcaine, Minims Tetracaine and Fluress an example of?
Topical Anesthetics
What topical anesthesia is commonly used in clinics prior to drop instillation for ocular emergencies?
Alcaine
What are SERIOUS side effects of Alcaine?
Hives Difficulty Breathing Swelling of your face, lips, tongue or throat Blurred vision Redness of the eye Photophobia
What type of reaction occurs in Alcaine?
Anaphylaxis
What are COMMON side effects of Alcaine?
Dry skin with cracking, grooves or lines in the skin of fingertips, skin rash, hives, itching and redness
What is the advantage for minims?
Preservative Free
What topical has a supply shortage?
Fluress
What can be an alternative for Fluress?
A drop of anesthetic and Fluorescein Strip
What anesthesia is for diagnostic pupil disorder?
10% Cocaine
What is pupil disorder called?
Horner’s Syndrome
What is medically compounded anesthesia and why?
10% Cocaine
Compounded due to tighter regulations
What are contraindications for Topical Anesthesia?
Perforation Injuries
Self Administration
Dry Eye testing
Culture collections
What are Adverse Effects for topical anesthesia?
Corneal thinning Corneal Ulcers Corneal perforations Endothelium Damage Epithelial Defects
T / F
Topical anesthesia may be used during laser refractive surgery
T
T / F
Topical anesthetics function by reducing sodium permeability to prevent the nerve impulse from transmitting information
T
T / F
Alcaine is an example of a preservative free anesthetic?
F
