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Systemic Ocular Pathology and Pharmacology > Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals : Anti-Infective Drugs > Flashcards

Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals : Anti-Infective Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 Anti Infective Drugs?

A 
Antibacterial 
Antivirals 
Antifungal 
Antiparasitic 
bvfp
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2
Q

What kills bacteria?

A

Bactericidal

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3
Q

What slows bacterial growth, kill but more slowly?

A

Bacteriostatic

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4
Q

What acts against wide range of disease causing bacteria?

gram + and gram -

A

Broad Spectrum Antibiotic

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5
Q

What acts against limited species of bacteria?

A

Narrow Spectrum Antibiotic

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6
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Antibacterials?

A

Inhibit :

  • Folic Acid Synthesis
  • DNA Synthesis
  • Protein Synthesis
  • Cell Wall Synthesis
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7
Q

What are the categories of Antibacterials?

A
  • Sulphonamides
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Fusidic Acid
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Macrolides
  • Polypeptide Antibiotic
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8
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Sulphonamides?

A

Inhibit folic acid synthesis during bacterial nucleotide production

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9
Q

What is the competitive inhibitor of Sulphonamides?

A

Para Aminobenzoic Acid

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10
Q

What is the ophthalmic use for sulphonamides?

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

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11
Q

What are examples of Sulphonamides?

A

Bleph-10

- Sulphacetamide Sodium

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12
Q

What are Adverse Effects for Sulphonamides?

A

Allergic Reactions

Stevens Johnson Syndrome

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13
Q

Are Sulphonamides Bactericidal, Bacteriostatic or Both?

A

Bacteriostatic

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14
Q

Do Sulphonamides have a broad or narrow spectrum?

A

Broad

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15
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Fluoroquinolones?

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis

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16
Q

Do Fluoroquinolones have a broad or narrow spectrum?

A

Broad

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17
Q

Are Fluoroquinolones bactericidal, bacteriostatic or both?

A

Bactericidal

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of Fluoroquinolones?

A

Increasing bacterial resistance

New generations developed

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19
Q

What are the ophthalmic use for Fluoroquinolones?

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Corneal Ulcers

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20
Q

What are examples of Fluoroquinolones?

puro x

A

Ciloxan (Ciprofloxacin)
Vigamox (Moxifloxacin)
Moxeza (Besifloxacin)
Zymaxid (Gatifloxacin)

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21
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Fluoroquinolones?

A

Foreign body sensation
Itching and burning
Conjunctival hyperemia

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22
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Fusidic Acid?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis

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23
Q

Are Fusidic Acids bactericidal, bacteriostatic or both?

A

Both

depends on the bacteria

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24
Q

What is the ophthalmic use for Fusidic Acid?

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

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25
Q

What are examples of Fusidic Acid?

A

Fusithalmic (Fusidic Acid)

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26
Q

What are Adverse Effects of Fusidic Acid?

A

Stinging and irritation

Localized allergic reactions

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27
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Aminoglycosides?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis

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28
Q

Are Aminoglycosides bactericidal, bacteriostatic or both?

A

Bactericidal

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29
Q

What is the ophthalmic use of Aminoglycosides?

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Corneal Ulcer

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30
Q

What are examples of Aminoglycosides?

-mycin

A

Tobrex (Tobramycin)
Garamycin (Gentamycin)
Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate)

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31
Q

What are the Adverse Effects for Aminoglycosides?

A

Type IV Delayed Hypersensitivity

Itching, Redness, Swelling

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32
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Macrolides?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis

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33
Q

Are Macrolides Bactericidal, Bacteriostatic or Both?

A

Bactericidal OR Bacteriostatic

34
Q

What is the ophthalmic use for Macrolides?

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

35
Q

What are examples of Macrolides?

father of Thor

A

Odan-Erythromycin (Erythromycin)

AzaSite (Azithromycin)

36
Q

What are the adverse effects of Macrolides?

A

Blurred Vision

Allergic Reactions

37
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Polypeptide Antibiotics?

A

Interferes with Cell Wall synthesis

38
Q

What is Polypeptide Antibiotic bactericidal for?

A

Gram Positive Bacteria

Staphylococcus

39
Q

What is Polypeptide Antibiotic ineffective against?

A

Gram Negative Bacteria

40
Q

What are the Ophthalmic Use for Polypeptide Antibiotics?

3 ANSWERS

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Blepharitis
Meibomitis

41
Q

What is an example of Polypeptide Antibiotics?

train

A

AK-Tracin (Bacitracin)

42
Q

What are adverse effects of Polypeptide Antibiotic?

A

Allergic reactions

43
Q

What are examples of Combination Antibacterials?

Betty’s Cooper’s Sister

A

Polytrim (Trimethoprim and Polymyxin B)

Polysporin (Bactracin and Polymyxin B)

44
Q

What is the Ophthalmic Use for Combination Antibacterials?

bb

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Blepharitis

45
Q

What are adverse effects of Combination Antibacterials?

A

Allergic reactions

46
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Polymyxin B?

poly cooper breaks down

A

Breaks down cell membranes

47
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Trimethoprim?

tim prevents —

A

Prevents DNA synthesis

48
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Bacitracin?

Basti interferes —–

A

Interferes with cell wall synthesis

49
Q

What is the indication of use for Antiviral Drugs?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) keratitis
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) keratitis
Used with oral antivirals

50
Q

What antiviral is for cold sore virus?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

HSV

51
Q

What antiviral is latent in nerve after chicken pox and occurs with shingles?

A

Varicella Zoster Virus

VZV

52
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Topical Antivirals?

A

Inhibits synthesis of viral DNA

53
Q

What are examples of Topical Antivirals?

A

Viroptic (Trifluridine)

Zirgan (Ganciclovir)

54
Q

What topical Antiviral is 9x/day dosing?

A

Viroptic

55
Q

What Topical Antiviral is 5x/day dosing?

A

Zirgan

56
Q

What are Adverse Effects of Topical Antivirals?

A

Eye irritation
Conjunctival redness
Blurred vision
Punctate keratitis

57
Q

What are the categories of Antifungal Drugs?

A

Polyenes
Azoles
Antimetabolites

58
Q

In what climate do fungal infections succeed?

A

hot and humid

59
Q

What is Amphotericin B

A

An antifungal medication ; polyenes

60
Q

Are Amphotericin B medically compounded?

A

Yes

61
Q

What is Amphotericin B effective against?

A

Yeasts and Filamentary organisms

62
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Amphotericin B?

amp forms

A

Forms pores in cell membrane

63
Q

What is an example of Amphotericin B?

A

Natacyn (Natamycin)

64
Q

What is Natacyn effective against?

A

Aspergillus and Fusarium

65
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Natacyn?

A

Inhibits cell membrane function

66
Q

Are polyenes poor or good ocular penetration?

A

Poor

67
Q

What are Azoles?

A

Oral antifungals with good ocular penetration

68
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Azoles?

A

Inhibit Cell Wall synthesis

69
Q

What are examples of Azoles?

A

Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Voriconazole

70
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Flucytosine?

think of genetics

A

Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

71
Q

What is Antimetabolites use in combination with?

A

Polyenes and Azoles

72
Q

What is the General Antiparasitic Treatment like with Antiparasitic drug?

A

Treatment is lengthy and difficult

73
Q

Where can Acanthamoeba be found?

A

Swimming pools, hot tubs or contact lens case

74
Q

What is Acanthamoeba Keratitis?

A

Sight threatening disease caused by the infection of the protozoa Acanthamoeba

75
Q

What are treatment options for Acanthamoeba Keratitis?

A

Topical Neomycin
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide (PHMB)
Chlorhexidine

76
Q

What are mites in in eyelash follicles called?

A

Demodex Folliculorum

77
Q

What are mites in meibomian glands called?

A

Demodex Brevis

78
Q

What are treatments for Demodex Folliculorum and Demodex Brevis?

A

Cliradex (Tea Tree Oil)

79
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Cliradex?

A

Alters Cell Membrane

80
Q

What is Toxoplasma Gondii?

A

Protozoan Parasite

Systemic Ocular Pathology and Pharmacology (34 decks)

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