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Systemic Ocular Pathology and Pharmacology > Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals : Cycloplegics and Mydriatics > Flashcards

Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals : Cycloplegics and Mydriatics Flashcards

1
Q

What is dilation of the pupil called?

A

Mydriasis

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2
Q

What is the temporary paralysis of ciliary muscle called? also the loss of accommodation

A

Cycloplegia

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3
Q

What is the use of Mydriatics and Cycloplegics?

A

Dilation
Cycloplegic Refraction
Amblyopic Therapy
Pain Management

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4
Q

Why do we use these for dilation?

A

For ocular health evaluation to monitor disease

ex. diabetes

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5
Q

Why do we use these for cycloplegic refraction?

A

Remove accommodation factor

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6
Q

What is Amblyopia?

A

Lazy Eye

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7
Q

Why do we use these for Amblyopic Therapy?

A

Suppression of vision in good eye forcing vision in bad eye

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8
Q

Why do we use these for pain management?

A

Uveitis

Stops spasms in the eye

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9
Q

What is uveitis?

A

Iris becomes inflamed

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10
Q

What are contraindications for Dilating Drops?

A

Allergy to preservatives
Narrow anterior chamber angle
Iris fixed for extraocular lens
Need for pupil evaluation

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11
Q

What are Adverse Effects for dilating drops?

A 
Blurred vision 
Stinging 
Photophobia 
Glare 
Risk of angle closure glaucoma
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12
Q

Are dilating drops tend to last longer with dark colored irises or light colored irises?

A

Light Colored

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13
Q

Why do dilating drops tend to last longer on light colored irises?

A

They have less pigment to hold on to the drug and prevent it’s action

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14
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Cholinergic Antagonist (Anticholinergic) drugs?

A

Block muscarinic receptors
Inhibits pupillary sphincter : mydriasis
Inhibits ciliary body : cycloplegia

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15
Q

What are examples of Cholinergic Drugs?

A

Mydriacyl (Tropicamide)
Cyclogyl (Cyclopentolate)
Isopto Homatropine (Homatropine)
Isopto Atropine (Atropine)

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16
Q

What anticholinergic drug :

  • Routine eye exam
  • 0.5% and 0.1%
  • Minimal cycloplegic effect
  • Adverse effects
  • Transient IOP increase
A

Mydriacyl (Tropicamide)

17
Q

What anticholinergic drug :

  • Routine cycloplegic refractions
  • 0.5% and 0.1%
  • Wait 45 minutes for cycloplegic effect
  • Side effects : hallucinations and strange behavior
A

Cyclogyl (Cyclopentolate)

18
Q

What anticholinergic drug :

  • Manage pain associated with anterior uveitis
  • Weak cycloplegic effect
A

Isopto Homatropine

19
Q

What anticholinergic drug :
- most potent mydriatic / cycloplegic
- slows down myopia
amblyopia treatment

A

Isopto Atropine

20
Q

What are adverse effects of Isopto Atropine?

A

Dry mouth and flushed skin
Rapid pulse
Disorientation

21
Q

What anticholinergic drug do we have to be cautious with for elderly. young children and patients with down syndome?

A

Isopto Atropine

22
Q

What is the Mydriasis Peak for Mydriacyl?

A

20-40 min

23
Q

What is the Mydriasis Recovery for Mydriacyl?

A

6 hours

24
Q

What is the Cycloplegic Peak for Mydriacyl?

A

20-35 min

25
Q

What is the Cycloplegic Recovery for Mydriacyl?

A

6 hours

26
Q

What is the Mydriasis Peak for Cyclogyl?

A

30-60 min

27
Q

What is the Mydriasis Recovery for Cyclogyl?

A

1 day

28
Q

What is the Cycloplegic Peak for Cyclogyl?

A

27-75 min

29
Q

What is the Cycloplegic Recovery for Cyclogyl?

A

8 hours

30
Q

What is the Mydriasis Peak for Isopto Atropine?

A

30-40 min

31
Q

What is the Mydriasis Recovery for Isopto Atropine?

A

7-12 days

32
Q

What is the Cycloplegic Peak for Isopto Atropine?

A

60-180 min

33
Q

What is the Cycloplegic Recovery for Isopto Atropine?

A

6-12 days

34
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Adrenergic?

A

“Alpha Adrenergic Agonist”

  • Bind to alpha receptors
  • Alpha binding = mydriasis
35
Q

What are examples of Adrenergic Drugs?

A

Mydrifin (Phenylephrine)

36
Q

What is used in combination with Mydriacyl?

A

Mydrifin (Phenylephrine)

37
Q

What drug :

  • 2% and 20% concentrations
  • Adverse Effect :
  • Risk of cardiovascular events
  • Contraindications with numerous medications
A

Mydrifin

38
Q

What are other delivery methods for dilating meds?

A

Spray bottle

Pledgets

Systemic Ocular Pathology and Pharmacology (34 decks)

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