Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals : Corticosteroids and NSAIDs

Question 1

Where is the Arachidonic Acid released from? and what does it cause?

Answer 1

Phospholipid Membrane Layer

Inflammation

Question 2

Are corticosteroids man made durgs?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

What effect does Corticosteroid mimick?

Answer 3

Cortisol

Question 4

Are Corticosteroid Anti-Inflammatory at low doses or at high?

Answer 4

Low doses

Question 5

Are Corticosteroids Immune Suppressive at low does or at high?

Answer 5

High doses

Question 6

What is the Mechanism of Action of Corticosteroids?

Answer 6

Inhibit Phospholipase A2

Question 7

What is the enzyme that Corticosteroids inhibit?

Answer 7

Phospholipase A2

Question 8

What does Corticosteroid prevent the release of?

Answer 8

Arachidonic Acid

Question 9

Are Corticosteroids anti inflammatory?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What are the Ophthalmic Use for Corticosteroids?

Answer 10

Conjunctivitis
Iritis
Inflammatory Dry Eye disease
Ocular Allergies

Question 11

What are examples of STRONG Corticosteroids?

Answer 11

• PredForte (Prednisolone Acetate Suspension 1%)
• Durezol (Difluprednate Emulsion (0.05%)
• Lotemax (Loteprednole Etabonate 0.5%)

Question 12

What are examples of MILD Corticosteroids?

Answer 12

• Alrex (Lotepredno Etabonate Susp 0.2%)

- FML (Fluoromethalone Acetate gel or ung 0.1%)

Question 13

What are Adverse Effects for Corticosteroids?

Answer 13

Elevated IOP
Cataracts
Delayed wound healing
Increased risk of infection

Question 14

What does NSAIDs stands for?

Answer 14

Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug

Question 15

Where does NSAIDs act on?

Answer 15

Arachidonic Acid Pathway

Question 16

What does NSAID inhibit?

Answer 16

COX Pathways

Question 17

What is the Mechanism of Action of NSAIDs?

Answer 17

Inhibit Cyclooxygenase Enzymes
- COX 1 and COX 2
Prevents the production of Prostaglandins

Question 18

Is NSAID anti inflmmatory?

Answer 18

Yes and Analgesic

Question 19

What does COX 1 release?

Answer 19

Prostaglandins and Thromboxane

Question 20

What does COX 2 relase?

Answer 20

Prostaglandins ONLY

Question 21

What is the Ophthalmic Use for NSAIDs?

Answer 21

Treat pain and inflammation after cataract surgery
Treat cystoid macular edema
Off label for pain management

Question 22

What are examples of NSAIDs?

generic ends in ac

Answer 22

Acular LS (Ketorolac Tromethamine sol 0.4%)
Voltaren (Diclofenac sodium fel 1%)
Ilevro (Neprafenac susp 0.3%)
Prolensa (Bromfenac sol 0.07%)

Question 23

What are adverse effects for NSAIDs?

Answer 23

Burning, Stinging, Hyperemia
Corneal Melts
Corneal Ulceration