Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals : Corticosteroids and NSAIDs Flashcards
Where is the Arachidonic Acid released from? and what does it cause?
Phospholipid Membrane Layer
Inflammation
Are corticosteroids man made durgs?
Yes
What effect does Corticosteroid mimick?
Cortisol
Are Corticosteroid Anti-Inflammatory at low doses or at high?
Low doses
Are Corticosteroids Immune Suppressive at low does or at high?
High doses
What is the Mechanism of Action of Corticosteroids?
Inhibit Phospholipase A2
What is the enzyme that Corticosteroids inhibit?
Phospholipase A2
What does Corticosteroid prevent the release of?
Arachidonic Acid
Are Corticosteroids anti inflammatory?
Yes
What are the Ophthalmic Use for Corticosteroids?
Conjunctivitis
Iritis
Inflammatory Dry Eye disease
Ocular Allergies
What are examples of STRONG Corticosteroids?
- PredForte (Prednisolone Acetate Suspension 1%)
- Durezol (Difluprednate Emulsion (0.05%)
- Lotemax (Loteprednole Etabonate 0.5%)
What are examples of MILD Corticosteroids?
- Alrex (Lotepredno Etabonate Susp 0.2%)
- FML (Fluoromethalone Acetate gel or ung 0.1%)
What are Adverse Effects for Corticosteroids?
Elevated IOP
Cataracts
Delayed wound healing
Increased risk of infection
What does NSAIDs stands for?
Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug
Where does NSAIDs act on?
Arachidonic Acid Pathway
What does NSAID inhibit?
COX Pathways
What is the Mechanism of Action of NSAIDs?
Inhibit Cyclooxygenase Enzymes
- COX 1 and COX 2
Prevents the production of Prostaglandins
Is NSAID anti inflmmatory?
Yes and Analgesic
What does COX 1 release?
Prostaglandins and Thromboxane
What does COX 2 relase?
Prostaglandins ONLY
What is the Ophthalmic Use for NSAIDs?
Treat pain and inflammation after cataract surgery
Treat cystoid macular edema
Off label for pain management
What are examples of NSAIDs?
generic ends in ac
Acular LS (Ketorolac Tromethamine sol 0.4%)
Voltaren (Diclofenac sodium fel 1%)
Ilevro (Neprafenac susp 0.3%)
Prolensa (Bromfenac sol 0.07%)
What are adverse effects for NSAIDs?
Burning, Stinging, Hyperemia
Corneal Melts
Corneal Ulceration