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Systemic Ocular Pathology and Pharmacology > Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals : Glaucoma Drugs > Flashcards

Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals : Glaucoma Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classes of Glaucoma Drugs?

A

Cholinergic / Parasymphathomimetic + Carbonic Ahnydrase
Adrenergic / Alpha Agonist + Beta Blockers
Prostaglandin Analogs
Rho Kinase Inhibitors
Combination Glaucoma Meds

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2
Q

What is the purpose of Glaucoma Medication?

A

Lower the IOP

Reduce Production of Aqueous Humour

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3
Q

Where does the increase of drainage occurs?

A

Trabecular Meshwork

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4
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of the Cholinergic Drugs?

A

Binds to cholinergic receptors

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5
Q

What are the cholinergic receptors?

A

Muscarinic and Nicotinic

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6
Q

What is the pathway for Cholinergic?

A

Drug binds to cholinergic receptors
Ciliary muscles contract
Pupils constrict
Drainage in the TM

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7
Q

What is an example of Cholinergic Medication?

A

Isopto Carpine (Pilocarpine Hydrochloride Sol)

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8
Q

What are adverse effects for Cholinergic Drugs?

A

Burning, Stinging
Small pupil
Headache

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9
Q

What is the cap colour for Miotics? (Cholinergic)

A

Green

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10
Q

What is the cap colour for Anticholinesterase (CAI) Drugs?

- Carbonic Ahnydrase

A

Orange

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11
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Anticholinesterase?

A

Inhibits carbonic ahnydrase enzyme

Reduce aqueous production

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12
Q

What inhibits carbonic ahnydrase enzyme?

A

Anticholinesterase

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13
Q

What are examples of Anticholinesterase drugs?

Carbonic Ahnydrase

A

Azopt (Brinzolamide Sol)

Trusopt (Dorzolamide Sol)

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14
Q

What are adverse effects of Anticholinestarase? (CAI)

A

Blurred vision
Allergic reactions
Dysgeusia

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15
Q

What is the meaning of bad taste?

A

Dysgeusia

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16
Q

Why might people have allergic reactions to CAIs?

A

Sulphonamides Derivative

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17
Q

Are Cholinergic drugs parasympathomimetic or sympathomimetic?

A

Parasympathomimetic

18
Q

What are the two drug classes under Adrenergic Glaucoma Medications?

A

Alpha Agonists

Beta Blockers

19
Q

What are the two cap colours for Beta Blockers?

A

Light blue and Yellow

20
Q

What cap colour of beta blocker is 0.25%?

A

Light Blue

21
Q

What cap colour of beta blocker is 0.5%?

A

Yellow

22
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Beta Blockers?

A

Block beta adrenergic receptors

Reduce aqueous humour production

23
Q

What are examples of Beta Blockers?

A

Timoptic (Timolol Meleate sol or gel)
Betoptic S (Betaxolol hydrochloride)
Betagan (Levobunolol Hydrochloride)

24
Q

What are adverse effects of Beta Blockers?

A

Bradycardia

Shortness of breath

25
Q

What is the cap colour of Alpha Agonist?

A

Purple

26
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Alpha Agonists?

A

Agonist activity on Alpha receptors
Reduce aqueous humor production
Increase uveoscleral outflow

27
Q

What are examples of an Alpha Agonist drugs?

A

Alphagan (Brimonidine solution)

28
Q

What are adverse effects of Alpha Agonist?

A

Redness, itching
Dry mouth
Dysgeusia

29
Q

What is the cap colour of Prostaglandin?

A

Teal

30
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Prostaglandin Analogs?

A

Increase uveoscleral outflow

NO (nitric oxide) to increase TM outflow (Vyzulta)

31
Q

What is a benefit of Prostaglandin Analog?

A

Once a day dosing

32
Q

What are adverse effects for Prostaglandin Analogs?

A

Iris pigmentation
Eyelash pigmentation and growth
Hyperemia

33
Q

What are examples of Prostaglandins?

A

Xalatan (Latanoprost sol 0.005%
Lumigan (Bimatoprost sol 0.03%)
Travatan Z (Travoprost sol 0.004%)
Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod sol 0.024%)

34
Q

What is the cap colour for Rho Kinase Inhibitor?

A

White?

NA

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Rho Kinase?

A

Inhibit norepinephrine transport -> reduce aqueous production
Rho kinase inhibitor

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Combination Glaucoma medication?

A

Depends on type of glaucoma meds

37
Q

What combination drug is Cosopt (Dorzolamide and Timolol)?

A

CAI and Beta Blocker

38
Q

What combination drug is Combigan (Brimonidine and Timolol)?

A

Alpha Agonist and Beta Blocker

39
Q

What combination drug is Simbrinza (Brimonidine and Brinzolamide)?

A

Alpha Agonist and CAI

40
Q

What combination drug is Rocklatan (Latanoprostene Bunod and Netarsudil)?

A

Prostaglandin and Rhokinase

Systemic Ocular Pathology and Pharmacology (34 decks)

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