Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals : Glaucoma Drugs Flashcards
What are the classes of Glaucoma Drugs?
Cholinergic / Parasymphathomimetic + Carbonic Ahnydrase
Adrenergic / Alpha Agonist + Beta Blockers
Prostaglandin Analogs
Rho Kinase Inhibitors
Combination Glaucoma Meds
What is the purpose of Glaucoma Medication?
Lower the IOP
Reduce Production of Aqueous Humour
Where does the increase of drainage occurs?
Trabecular Meshwork
What is the Mechanism of Action of the Cholinergic Drugs?
Binds to cholinergic receptors
What are the cholinergic receptors?
Muscarinic and Nicotinic
What is the pathway for Cholinergic?
Drug binds to cholinergic receptors
Ciliary muscles contract
Pupils constrict
Drainage in the TM
What is an example of Cholinergic Medication?
Isopto Carpine (Pilocarpine Hydrochloride Sol)
What are adverse effects for Cholinergic Drugs?
Burning, Stinging
Small pupil
Headache
What is the cap colour for Miotics? (Cholinergic)
Green
What is the cap colour for Anticholinesterase (CAI) Drugs?
- Carbonic Ahnydrase
Orange
What is the Mechanism of Action of Anticholinesterase?
Inhibits carbonic ahnydrase enzyme
Reduce aqueous production
What inhibits carbonic ahnydrase enzyme?
Anticholinesterase
What are examples of Anticholinesterase drugs?
Carbonic Ahnydrase
Azopt (Brinzolamide Sol)
Trusopt (Dorzolamide Sol)
What are adverse effects of Anticholinestarase? (CAI)
Blurred vision
Allergic reactions
Dysgeusia
What is the meaning of bad taste?
Dysgeusia
Why might people have allergic reactions to CAIs?
Sulphonamides Derivative
Are Cholinergic drugs parasympathomimetic or sympathomimetic?
Parasympathomimetic
What are the two drug classes under Adrenergic Glaucoma Medications?
Alpha Agonists
Beta Blockers
What are the two cap colours for Beta Blockers?
Light blue and Yellow
What cap colour of beta blocker is 0.25%?
Light Blue
What cap colour of beta blocker is 0.5%?
Yellow
What is the Mechanism of Action of Beta Blockers?
Block beta adrenergic receptors
Reduce aqueous humour production
What are examples of Beta Blockers?
Timoptic (Timolol Meleate sol or gel)
Betoptic S (Betaxolol hydrochloride)
Betagan (Levobunolol Hydrochloride)
What are adverse effects of Beta Blockers?
Bradycardia
Shortness of breath
What is the cap colour of Alpha Agonist?
Purple
What is the Mechanism of Action of Alpha Agonists?
Agonist activity on Alpha receptors
Reduce aqueous humor production
Increase uveoscleral outflow
What are examples of an Alpha Agonist drugs?
Alphagan (Brimonidine solution)
What are adverse effects of Alpha Agonist?
Redness, itching
Dry mouth
Dysgeusia
What is the cap colour of Prostaglandin?
Teal
What is the Mechanism of Action of Prostaglandin Analogs?
Increase uveoscleral outflow
NO (nitric oxide) to increase TM outflow (Vyzulta)
What is a benefit of Prostaglandin Analog?
Once a day dosing
What are adverse effects for Prostaglandin Analogs?
Iris pigmentation
Eyelash pigmentation and growth
Hyperemia
What are examples of Prostaglandins?
Xalatan (Latanoprost sol 0.005%
Lumigan (Bimatoprost sol 0.03%)
Travatan Z (Travoprost sol 0.004%)
Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod sol 0.024%)
What is the cap colour for Rho Kinase Inhibitor?
White?
NA
What is the mechanism of action of Rho Kinase?
Inhibit norepinephrine transport -> reduce aqueous production
Rho kinase inhibitor
What is the mechanism of action of Combination Glaucoma medication?
Depends on type of glaucoma meds
What combination drug is Cosopt (Dorzolamide and Timolol)?
CAI and Beta Blocker
What combination drug is Combigan (Brimonidine and Timolol)?
Alpha Agonist and Beta Blocker
What combination drug is Simbrinza (Brimonidine and Brinzolamide)?
Alpha Agonist and CAI
What combination drug is Rocklatan (Latanoprostene Bunod and Netarsudil)?
Prostaglandin and Rhokinase
