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OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY > OCTA 227 Lecture Final > Flashcards

OCTA 227 Lecture Final Flashcards

1
Q
  • retrovirus that results in a gradual deterioration of the immune system
  • Virus attacks the T-cells (specialized cells that direct the immune system)
A

HIV

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2
Q

slow progressive disease of the nervous system that causes tremors and muscle stiffness

A

Parkinson’s Disease

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3
Q

a chronic, inflammatory disease of the CNS in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath most pts incur disability over time

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

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4
Q

abnormal tissue that grows and spreads or metastasizes

A

Cancer

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5
Q

progressive, slow deterioration of brain tissue resulting in decreased cognitive abilities including language and memory deficits, disturbances in the sense of time and place, personality changes, and emotional instability

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

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6
Q

caused by very small strokes over a period of time that affect blood flow to areas of the brain related to memory and thinking

A

Dementia (vascular)

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7
Q

immune system is severely depressed and its ability to resist infection is impaired

A

AIDS

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8
Q

causes degeneration of nerve cells connected to the brain that control voluntary motor function

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

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9
Q

cloudiness of lens that dulls color and visual detail

A

Cataract

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10
Q

caused by dilation and leakage of blood from the retinal vessels or the growth of abnormal blood vessels on the retina

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

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11
Q

increased fluid pressure inside the eye, leading to loss of vision and eventually total blindness ( can damage the optic nerve)

A

Glaucoma

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12
Q

results in loss of central vision

A

Macular Degeneration

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13
Q

What are the compensatory measures for a client with low vision?

A
  • Sighted Guiding
  • Hand Trailing
  • Protective Techniques
  • Assistance Animals
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14
Q

What are the compensatory strategies for the client with visual loss in the areas of mobility?

A
  • Sighted Guiding
  • Hand Trailing
  • Protective Techniques
  • Assistance Animals
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15
Q

trail the surface using the arm closest to the surface

A

Hand Trailing

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16
Q

Upper Protection- forearm cover chest

Lower Protection- arm cover thigh

A

Protective Techniques

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17
Q

dog to compensate for vision (guide)

A

Assistance Animals

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18
Q

Adaptive Equipment devices for low vision:

A
  • Blind cane
  • Braille/Talking watch
  • Talking prescription recorder
  • Low vision magnifier
  • Check writing guide
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19
Q

Environmental Factors and adaptations for low vision:

A
  • Lighting: control glare, window coverings
  • Contrast: change background ( light against dark)
  • Color: bright colors
  • Pattern: uncluttered and simple
  • Print size: enlarge print, increase contrast
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20
Q

What are the types of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

A
  • Relapsing Remitting
  • Secondary Progressive
  • Primary Progressive
  • Progressive Relapsing
  • Benign
  • Malignant
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21
Q

acute attacks with full or partial recovery and stable remission between attacks (85% of those initially dx with MS)

A

Relapsing Remitting (MS)

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22
Q

initially follow relapsing/remitting, followed by progression at a variable rate; of those dx with relapsing/remitting, 50% develop secondary progressive within 10 years and 90% within 25 years

A

Secondary Progressive (MS)

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23
Q

progressive disability without remission from the onset of the disease; 10% dx (no recovery)

A

Primary Progressive (MS)

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24
Q

progressive from the onset with acute relapses

A

Progressive Relapsing (MS)

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25
Q

fully functional 15 years after the disease onset

A

Benign (MS)

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26
Q

rapid progression leading to significant disability or death in a short period of time

A

Malignant (MS)

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27
Q

Side affects of chemotherapy in cancer pt:

A
  • Neutropenia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Anemia
  • Peripheral Neuropathy
  • Alopecia
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28
Q

An abnormally low count of a type of white blood cell (neutrophils). Severe impairment of the immune response with decreased resistance to infection (Treatment: protective isolation)

A

Neutropenia

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29
Q

any disorder where there aren’t enough platelets (cells in the blood that help the blood to clot) associated with abnormal bleeding

A

Thrombocytopenia

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30
Q

lack of red blood cells. Reduces tolerance for treatment; O2 level in system is depleted because of reduced hemoglobin (Treatment: respect fatigue, pace activities, prioritize activities)

A

Anemia

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31
Q

weakness, numbness, pain from nerve damage in the feet/hands. Motor and sensory involvement hypo/hyperesthesia; diminished awareness can lead to loss of protective sensation (Treatment: mild compression garments,sensory stimulation (massage), safety education, exposure to graded textures

A

Peripheral Neuropathy

32
Q

hair loss, social stigma of cancer: significant element of identification and self image/beauty

A

Alopecia

33
Q

Signs of nerve regeneration:

A
  • Skin appearance (color and texture)
  • Primitive sensation ( recognition of pain, temp, touch, pressure)
  • Parasthesia (tingling distal to lesion site)
  • Scattered point of sweating (sweat glands recover function)
  • Discriminative Sensation (stereognosis, kinesthesia, etc)
  • Muscle tone
  • Voluntary muscle function
34
Q

Stage 1 of Cancer:

A

localized to region

35
Q

Stage 2 of Cancer:

A

spread to adjacent local region of the body (ex: right breast to the axilla)

36
Q

Stage 3 of Cancer:

A

spread to another organ (ex. breast to lung)

37
Q

Stage 4 of Cancer:

A

spread to multiple organs/systems

38
Q

TNM:

A

Tumor: # of tumor sites
Node: # of lymph nodes that have cancer present
Metastasis: may be regional or widespread

39
Q

What position should the patient be seated in when feeding?

A

Upright (for stability)

40
Q

Stage 1 of Alzheimer’s Disease:

A

No cognitive decline

41
Q

Stage 2 of Alzheimer’s Disease:

A

Very mild cognitive decline (c/o memory loss or word finding) not detectable on formal testing

42
Q

Stage 3 of Alzheimer’s Disease:

A

Mild decline (word findingand naming deficits, misplacing objects, decrease in planning)

43
Q

Stage 4 of Alzheimer’s Disease:

A

Moderate cognitive decline (decreased knowledge of recent events, ability to perform higher level mental calculations, and memory for personal info, inability to participate in complex tasks, socially withdrawn)

44
Q

Stage 5 of Alzheimer’s Disease:

A

Moderately severe cognitive decline (major memory gaps, assist for complex ADL, confusion with orientation, inability to do simple calculations, knows own name and names of spouse/child, needs help picking out clothing based on weather/season)

45
Q

Stage 6 of Alzheimer’s Disease:

A

Severe cognitive decline (memory worsens, personality changes, extensive help with ADL, occasionally forgets names of spouse, dressing ability, dysfunction of sleep/wake cycle, assist for toileting, incontinence, delusions, hallucinations, compulsion/repetition of behaviors)

46
Q

Stage 7 of Alzheimer’s Disease:

A

Very severe cognitive decline (doesn’t respond to environment, mutism, inability to control movement, requires feeding assist, assist with walking/sitting, dysphagia, skeletal muscle rigidity)

47
Q

What are the 4 degenerative neurologic disease?

A
  1. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
  2. Parkinson’s Disease
  3. Alzheimer’s Disease
  4. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
48
Q

diseases that cause progressive pathlogic changes in the CNS

A

Degenerative Neurologic Diseases

49
Q

Degenerative Neurologic Diseases result in the lost in functioning in one or more of these areas:

A
  • Sensation
  • Motor Control
  • Cognition
  • Compensation/Adaptation (main approach)
50
Q

What is the role in of OT in the treatment of degenerative diseases?

A

To assist in managing symptoms, maintaining function, and optimizing quality of life.

51
Q

OT Intervention for fatigue in pts with MS?

A
  • Cooling vest (lower core body temp)
  • Exercise program (time of day)
  • Energy Conservation
52
Q

The first step in eliminating any causes of secondary fatigue are:

A

Treating coexisting conditions such as:

  • Depression
  • Adjustments of medications
  • Improving sleep patterns
  • Managing symptoms that may cause fatigue (tremors)
  • Education about energy conservation
53
Q

Energy Conservation Techniques used by pts with MS:

A
  • Pacing
  • Rest periods
  • Home/Work modifications
  • Power mobility aids
  • ADL assistive devices
  • DME
  • Heat control
  • Techniques to control tremor
  • Control Spasticity
54
Q

occurs during voluntary movement, is often intensified at the termination of movement

A

Intentional Tremor

55
Q

present in the absence of voluntary movement (occurs while the pt is not moving)

A

Resting Tremor

56
Q

Interventions for tremors:

A
  • Orthotics/splinting
  • Weights
  • Adaptive devices (dycem, long straw, suction devices, etc)
  • Assistive technology (speaker phone)
  • Minimize # of joints moving during activities
  • Control fatigue
  • Decrease fine motor coordination demands
57
Q

Intention Tremor primarily effects:

A

wrist, hand, and fingers (OT focus on proximal stabilization and support)

58
Q

Treatments to decrease isolation for pts with Parkinson’s Disease:

A
  • Education regarding importance of timing activities with height of effectiveness of medication
  • Modification of leisure activities to encourage participation
  • Information on support and advocacy groups
  • Caregiver training for modifying communication and social activities
  • Writing modifications, including enlarged felt-tip pen and writing when rested
  • Communication aides: speed dial, large-key telephones, dictating devices, remotes for lights, tv, etc
  • Providing home exercise program to maintain facial movement and expression
59
Q

Home Modifications recommendations for people with a specific progressive disease diagnosis:

A
  • Bath bench
  • Grab bars
  • Handheld shower
  • Raised toilet seat
  • Bedside commodes
  • Weighted utensils
  • Velcro closures/Elastic waist bands and shoestrings
  • Electric toothbrushes
  • Longhandled brush
60
Q

Infection Control Principles:

A
  • Wash hands before and after pts
  • Wear gloves
  • Wear mask, protective eye wear, and gown during splashes or sprays
  • Handle needles & other sharp instruments safely
  • Routinely clean and disinfect surfaces
  • Clean and disinfect linens & launder them safely
  • Place pts with contaminated blood or body fluids in an isolation room
61
Q

an objective assessment of an individuals ability to perform work related activity

A

Functional Capacity Evaluation

62
Q

Components of a Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE):

A
  • Comprehensive: lifting, standing, walking, sitting, carrying and etc.
  • Standardized: minimizes subjectivity
  • Objective: free of examiner bias
  • Reliable: It is reproducible
  • Valid: does it assess what its intended to do; accuracy
63
Q

impairment in the ability to perform movement

A

Apraxia

64
Q

allows the individual to focus on the environmental information and sensations relevant at a particular time

A

Attention

65
Q

requires an individual sustain focused attention for a period of time

A

Concentration

66
Q

act of beginning something

A

Initiation

67
Q

permanent shortening of the muscles, tendons, and ligaments

A

Contractures

68
Q

weakening of muscles

A

Dystrophy

69
Q

wasting away of muscles

A

Atrophy

70
Q

an approach that use intact cognitive skills to compensate for deficits

A

Adaptive Approach

71
Q

an approach that seek to improve or restore cognitive skills

A

Remedial Approach

72
Q

multidisciplinary programs for rehabilitating the injured worker

A

Work hardening

73
Q

static, no joint motion, muscle lengths remains the same.

A

Isometric

74
Q

concentric contraction, joint motion, muscle shortens

A

Isotonic

75
Q

overload principle, muscles perform more efficiently given a warm up, must be taxed to improve strength, start at low weight then increase

A

Progressive resistive

76
Q

means you move a joint through its full ROM

A

AROM

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY (36 decks)

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