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OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY > OCTA 206 Final Exam/Final Practicum > Flashcards

OCTA 206 Final Exam/Final Practicum Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pelvic girdle consist of?

A

sacrum
coccyx
hip bones (two)

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2
Q

What is the pelvic girdle also referred to as?

A

pelvis

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3
Q

What are the 3 pelvic bones that make up the hip bones?

A

ilium
ischium
pubis

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4
Q

What are the primary functions of the hip joint?

A

weight bearing

locomotion (walking)

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5
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the ilium?

A 
iliac crest
iliac fossa
iliac tuberosity
posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
greater sciatic notch
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6
Q

The greater sciatic notch lets you know what?

A

that you are posterior

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7
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the ischium?

A 
ischial spine
body
ischial tuberosity
ramus
lesser sciatic notch
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8
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the pubis?

A

superior pubic ramus
inferior pubic ramus
body
tubercle

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9
Q

What are the motions of the pelvic girdle?

A

Anterior tilt
Posterior tilt
Lateral tilt

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10
Q

tilt occurs when the pelvis tilts backward, moving the ASIS posterior to the pubis symphysis

A

Posterior tilt

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11
Q

tilt occurs when the two iliac crests are not leveled (walking)

A

Lateral tilt

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12
Q

the anterior superior iliac spine and pubis symphysis are in the same vertical plane

A

Neutral

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13
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

ball and socket joint

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14
Q

What plane does flexion, extension, and hyperextension occur in?

A

sagittal plane

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15
Q

What plane does abduction and adduction occur in?

A

frontal plane

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16
Q

What plane does medial (internal) and lateral (external) rotation occur in?

A

transverse plane

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17
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the hip bones?

A

acetabulum
obturator foramen
greater sciatic notch

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18
Q

the longest, strongest and most heaviest bone in the body

A

Femur

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19
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the femur?

A 
head
neck
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
trochanteric fossa
intertrochanteric crest
body
medial condyle
lateral condyle
lateral epicondyle
medial epicondyle
adductor tubercle
linea aspera
 pectineal line
patellar surface
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20
Q

joint has 7 two joint muscles that have one action of the hip and another on the knee

A

Hip joint

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21
Q

The hip joint anterior muscles are known as

A

Flexors

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22
Q

What are the hip flexors?

A

Iliopsoas
Pectineus muscle
Rectus femoris
Sartorius

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23
Q

Iliopsoas consists of what 3 muscles?

A

iliacus
psoas major
psoas minor

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24
Q

O: inner surface of ilium
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: hip flexion
N: femoral

A

iliopsoas muscle

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25
Q

O: AIIS
I: tibial tuberosity
A: hip flexion, knee extension
N: femoral nerve

A

rectus femoris muscle

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26
Q

O: AIIS
I: proximal medial aspect of tibia
A: hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation, and knee flexion
N: femoral nerve

A

sartorius muscle

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27
Q

O: superior ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line of femur
A: hip flexion and adduction
N: femoral nerve

A

pectineus muscle

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28
Q

The hip joint posterior muscles are known as?

A

Extensors

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29
Q

What are the hip extensors?

A

gluteus maximum
hamstrings
external rotators (deep muscles)

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30
Q

What are the hamstring muscles?

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

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31
Q

O: posterior sacrum and ilium
I: posterior femur distal to greater trochanter
A: hip extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation
N: inferior gluteal nerve

A

gluteus maximus

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32
Q

O: ischial tuberosity
I :posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
A: hip extension and knee flexion
N: sciatic nerve

A

semimembranosus muscle

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33
Q

O: ischial tuberosity
I: anteromedial surface of proximal tibia
A: hip extension and knee flexion
N: sciatic nerve

A

semitendinosus muscle

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34
Q

O: long head- ishial tuberosity, short head- lateral lip of linea aspera
I: fibular head
A: long head- hip extension/knee flexion, short head- knee flexion
N: long head- sciatic nerve, short head- common fibular nerve

A

biceps femoris muscle

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35
Q

What are the 3 one-joint hip adductors?

A

adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus

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36
Q

O: pubis
I: middle third of the linea aspera
A: hip adduction
N: obturator nerve

A

adductor longus muscle

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37
Q

O: pubis
I: pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
A: hip adduction
N: obturator nerve

A

adductor brevis muscle

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38
Q

O: ischium and pubis
I: entire linea aspera and adductor tubercle
A: hip adduction
N: sciatic and obturator nerve

A

adductor magnus muscle

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39
Q

What are the hip abductor muscles?

A

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae
external rotators

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40
Q

O: outer surface of the ilium
I: lateral surface of the greater trochanter
A: hip abduction
N: superior gluteal nerve

A

gluteus medius

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41
Q

O: lateral surface of ilium
I: anterior surface of the greater trochanter
A: hip abduction and medial rotation
N: superior gluteal nerve

A

gluteus minimus muscle

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42
Q

O: AIIS
I: lateral condyle of tibia
A: combined hip flexion and abduction
N: superior gluteal nerve

A

tensor fascia muscle

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43
Q

What is the only hip adductor muscle that is a two-joint muscle

A

gracilis

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44
Q

What are the 4 hip adductor muscles?

A

adductor longus
adductorbrevis
adductor magnus
gracilis

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45
Q

O: pubis
I: anteromedial surface of proximal end of tibia
A: hip adduction
N: obturator nerve

A

gracilis

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46
Q

nerve that innervates muscles on the anterior surface of the hip and thigh (hip flexors)

A

femoral nerve

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47
Q
  • largest synovial joint in the body
  • one of the most frequently injured joints
  • supported/maintained by muscles and ligaments with no stability
A

Knee (tibiofemoral) Joint

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48
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Hinge joint

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49
Q

What motions occur at the knee joint?

A

Flexion and extension

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50
Q

What are the bones of the knee joint?

A

Femur- enlarge femoral condyles
Tibia- medial/lateral tibia plateaus
Patellar- floating bones

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51
Q

The knee joint is also called?

A

Tibiofemoral joint

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52
Q

main function involve increasing the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscle and protecting the knee joint

A

Patellofemoral joint

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53
Q

cartilage that covers the end of the bones (surface between the tibia and femur)

A

articular cartilage

54
Q

cartilage that provides cushions between the bones, enhance stability, and designed to absorb shock

A

Medial/lateral menisci

55
Q

maintains medial alignment

A

medial tibial (collateral ligament)

56
Q

maintains lateral alignment

A

lateral fibula (collateral ligament)

57
Q

What are the two cruciate ligaments?

A

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

58
Q

ligaments that provide stability in the sagittal plane and cross within the knee and between the tibia and fibula

A

Cruciate ligaments

59
Q

this ligament is most frequently injured, injuries occur when running and making sharp directional change

A

ACL

60
Q

this ligament is less prone to injury

A

PCL

61
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the knee?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedialis
Vastus lateralis

62
Q

the anterior muscles of the knee are referred to as

A

knee extensors

63
Q

the anterior muscles of the knee are commonly known as

A

quadriceps

64
Q

the anterior muscles are innervated by what nerve?

A

femoral nerve

65
Q

What are the posterior muscles of the knee?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

66
Q

the posterior muscles of the knee are referred to as

A

knee flexors

67
Q

the posterior muscles of the knee are commonly known as

A

hamstrings

68
Q

a weak knee flexor muscle that is innervated by the obturator nerve

A

Gracilis

69
Q

a muscle that helps provide lateral stability of the knee

A

Tensor Fascia Latae

70
Q

What is the primary function of the ankle and foot?

A

support and propulsion

71
Q

What are the bones of the ankle and foot?

A

Tibia
Fibula
Tarsal bones (5)
Metatarsals

72
Q

What are the five tarsal bones?

A 
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms (Medial, Intermediate, Lateral) 
Calcaneus
Talus
73
Q

true weight bearing bone of the leg

A

Tibia

74
Q

What are the joints of the ankle and foot?

A 
Ankle joint (Talocrural)
Subtalar joint
Transverse tarsal joint
Metatarsalphalangeal joint (MTP)
Interphalangeal joint
75
Q
  • articulation of the distal tibia and talus
  • hinge joint
  • flexion and extension
A

Ankle joint

76
Q
  • articulation of the talus and calcaneus

* ankle inversion (adduction)

A

Subtalar joint

77
Q
  • articulation between the navicular and talus bones

* ankle eversion (abduction)

A

Transverse tarsal joint

78
Q

*articulation of metatarsals and proximal phalanges

A

Metatarsalphalangeal joint (MTP)

79
Q

PIP and DIP of the toes

A

Interphalangeal joints

80
Q

point of contact with the ground

  • absorb a great deal of shock
  • adjust to changes in terrain
  • propel the body forward
A

Foot

81
Q
  • maintained by the shape of the bones, plantar ligaments, and muscles
  • helps maintain the shape of the foot
A

Arches

82
Q
  • arch that makes up the medial border of the foot

* talus is the keystone of this arch because it receives the weight of the body

A

Medial longitudinal arch

83
Q

arch that normally rests on the ground during weight-bearing

A

Lateral longitudinal arch

84
Q

arch that runs side to side through the 3 cuneiform’s to the cuboid

A

Transverse arch

85
Q

What are the movements of the foot?

A 
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Eversion
Inversion
Toe flexion
Toe extension
86
Q

top of ankles moves toward the anterior tibia

A

Dorsiflexion

87
Q

ankle and foot move away from tibia

A

Plantarflexion

88
Q

ankle abduction, weight is on the medial edge of the foot raising lateral border of foot

A

Eversion

89
Q

ankle adduction, weight is on the later edge of the foot raising the medial border of foot

A

Inversion

90
Q

toes move toward plantar surface of foot

A

Toe flexion

91
Q

toes move away from plantar surface of foot

A

Toe extension

92
Q

What are the 4 compartments that the muscles of the lower leg (ankle and foot) are divided into?

A

Anterior compartment
Superficial posterior compartment
Deep posterior compartment
Lateral compartment

93
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus

94
Q

The anterior compartment performs what motions?

A

Dorsiflexion and Toe extension

95
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment ?

A

Gastrocnemius (2 heads)
Soleus (1 head)
Plantaris

96
Q

What nerve innervates the superficial posterior compartment?

A

Tibial nerve

97
Q

What motions occur in the superficial posterior compartment?

A

Plantarflexion

98
Q

What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment?

A

Flexor digitorumnlongus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior

99
Q

What motions occur in the deep posterior compartment?

A

Plantarflexion and Toe flexion

100
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment?

A

Peroneus Longus/Brevis

Peroneus tertius

101
Q

What nerves innervates the lateral compartment?

A
  • Peroneus longus/brevis - Superficial peroneal nerve

* Peroneus tertius - Deep peroneal nerve

102
Q

What motions occur in the lateral compartment?

A

Eversion

103
Q

synergists to create inversion

A

Tibialis anterior and Tibialis posterior

104
Q

what is PAMS?

A

Physical Agent Modalities

105
Q

what is thermotherapy?

A

heat

106
Q

what is cryotherapy?

A

cold

107
Q

what is ultrasound used for?

A

increase blood flow

108
Q

what is electrical stimulation?

A

elicit muscle movement

& block pain signals

109
Q

Orthotics Goals

A

restore function, protect healing, prevent deformity, correct deformity, prevent/reduce pain, reduce inflammation.

110
Q

Two types of Orthotics

A

commercial and custom

111
Q

Anatomical Considerations

A

must accommodate for bony prominences, maintain natural contours, avoid compression of superficial nerves and soft tissue

112
Q

most movable part

A

insertion

113
Q

agonist

A

a muscle or group of muscles that cause movement(primemovers).

114
Q

Antagonist

A

performs the opposite motion of the agonist

115
Q

closed kinetic chain

A

Both feet are planted on the floor to give maximum stability

116
Q

open kinetic chain

A

Foot is not on the floor to increase stability. Non weight bearing.

117
Q

What is the ankle joint official name?

A

talocrural joint

118
Q

muscles that flex the hip and extend the knee

A

anterior muscles

119
Q

muscles that extend the hip and flex the knee

A

posterior muscles

120
Q

If a muscle crosses over a joint it has the potential to do what

A

act on that joint

121
Q

the median nerve is responsible for

A

precision grasp

122
Q

the ulnar nerve is responsible for

A

power grasp

123
Q

MOTA and AOTA are what kinds of organizations?

A

membership

124
Q

NBCOT is responsible for what

A

certification

125
Q

Which two muscles works synergistically and what motion is the result of this?

A

Tibialis anterior/Tibialis posterior

inversion

126
Q

Amputee equals

A

key initial goals - skin inspection

127
Q

Lateral muscles are (ex. tensor fascia latae)

A

hip abductors

128
Q

Medial muscles are (ex. gracilis)

A

hip adductors

129
Q

Eversion occurs at what joint?

A

transverse tarsal joint

130
Q

Inversion occurs at what joint?

A

subtalar joint

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY (36 decks)

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