Nukleotidi Flashcards

1
Q

sestavine nukleotidov

A
  • dušikova baza
  • sladkor: riboza ali deoksiriboza
  • fosfat
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2
Q

povezava med dušikovo bazo in sladkorjem

A

N-glikozidna vez med mestom 3 na bazi in C1 sladkorja

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3
Q

povezava med sladkorjem in fosfatom

A

fosfoestrska vez med fosfatom in C5 sladkorja

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4
Q

delitev dušikovih baz

A

1) piramidini

2) purini

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5
Q

zgradba in primeri purinskih baz

A

dva obroča

adenin in gvanin

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6
Q

zgradba in primer pirimidinskih baz

A

en obroč

citozin, timin, uracil

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7
Q

tavtomerije dušikovih baz

A

1) laktam/laktim tavtomerija

2) imin/enamin tavtomerija

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8
Q

prekurzor pirimidinskih baz

A

orotinska kislina

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9
Q

gradniki orotinske kisline

A

amonijak, 2 ATP, hidrogenkarbonat, asparaginska kislina

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10
Q

pretvorba UTP v CTP

A

NH3 nadomesti fosfat na laktim obliki UTP

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11
Q

pretvorba CTP v UTP

A

hidroliza iminske oblike, kjer se amino skupina nadomesti s karbonilno

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12
Q

petvorba dUMP v dTMP

A

metilacija preko metilen-tetrahidrofolata

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13
Q

prekurzor purisnkih baz

A

5-fosforibozilamin

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14
Q

pogoj za tvorbo N-glikozidne vezi med N-bazo in sladkorjem

A

aktivacija sladkorja (fosforilacija), nastane riboza-5-fosfat

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15
Q

potek nastanka purinskih baz

A

v nizu reakcij nastane inozin-5-fosfat, ta se aminira do AMP, ta lahko oksidira do GMP

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16
Q

razlika med nukleozidom in nukleotidom

A
nukleozid = dušikova baza + sladkor
nuklaotid = dušikova baza + sladkor + pirofosfat
17
Q

Kaj omogoča več konformacij nukleozidov?

A

rotacija okrog N-glikozidne vezi

18
Q

najpogostejši konformaciji nukleozidov

A

syn in anti

19
Q

mesta fosfoestrske vezi na nukleozidih

A

2, 3, ali 5 (na deoksinukleozidih brez 2)

20
Q

vrsta vezi med nukleotidi in fosfati

A

fosfoanhidridna vez