Lastnosti in reakcije nukleinskih kislin Flashcards

1
Q

naboj in pKa nukleinskih kislin

A

negativen naboj s pKa okrog 2

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2
Q

H kateri elektrodi potujejo NK v elektroforezi?

A

anodi (pozitivni)

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3
Q

Zakaj lahko NK absorbirajo UV svetlobo?

A

zaradi purinskih in pirimidinskih baz, ki vsebujejo aromatske obroče

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4
Q

Kaj merimo s hipokromnim učinkom?

A

T tališča dvojne vijačnice

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5
Q

razdelitev reakcij na NK

A

1) reakcije, ki potekajo na ogrodju

2) reakcije, ki potekajo na bazah

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6
Q

hidrolizo fosfoestrskih vezi katalizirajo X (podrazred encimov)

A

X… nukleaze

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7
Q

delitev nukleaz

A

1) eksonukleaze (cepijo na koncu verige)

2) endonukleaze (cepijo na sredini verige)

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8
Q

kondenzacijo fosfoestrskih vezi katalizirajo X (podrazred encimov)

A

X… ligaze

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9
Q

sintezo DNA katalizira X (podrazred encimov)

A

polimeraza

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10
Q

tipi reakcij na dušikovih bazah

A

metilacije, acetilacije, fosforilacije, deaminacije, depurinacije…

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11
Q

Z reakcijami na dušikovih bazah dobimo X

A

X… derivate

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12
Q

Zakaj je genom nagnjen k spremembam?

A

DNA je termodinamsko zelo neugodna zaradi svoje urejenosti in s tem nizke entropije

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13
Q

metilacija gvanina: popravljanje, problem

A

metiliran gvanin je mogoče popraviti z metiltransferazo, ki prenese metilno skupino na cistein (tiolna skupina), dokler se DNA še ni podvojila
pri drugem podvajanju se izgubi vsaka informacija vezave gvanina, saj metiliran gvanin tvori vezi s timinom

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14
Q

povezava dveh timinov: pogoj

A

pod vplivom UV svetlobe tvorita timinski dimer (napaka v DNA)

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