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Kemija - 2. delni izpit > Membranski lipidi > Flashcards

Membranski lipidi Flashcards

1
Q

delitev membranskih lipidov

A

1) fosfolipidi

2) glikolipidi

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2
Q

alkohol v fosfolipidih

A

glicerol ali sfingozin

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3
Q

alkohol v gikolipidih

A

sfingozin

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4
Q

sestava sfingozina

A

aminoalkohol z:

  • OH skupino na C1
  • NH2 skupino na C2
  • CH=CH na C3
  • vse skupaj 15 C atomov
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5
Q

sestava glicerofosfolipidov

A

glicerol zaestren z dvema maščobnima kislinama (ena nasičena, ena nenasičena), tretji C atom pa je vezan na fosfatno skupino, ki je lahko dodatno povezana s še neko polarno molekulo

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6
Q

primeri glicerofosfolipidov

A

1) fosfatidil inozitol 4,5-bifosfat

2) kardiolipin

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7
Q

sestava plazmalogenov

A

na glicerol je vezan:

  • dolgoverižni alkohol na C1 (etrska vez)
  • MK na C2
  • fosfoetanolamin ali fosfoholin na C3
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8
Q

sestava PAF

A

podobno plzamlogenu, razen na C2 je vezana etanojska kislina, na C3 je fosfoholin, ki povzroči povezovanje trombocitov

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9
Q

sestava sfingolipidov

A

aminoalkohol sfingozin je z amidno vezjo povezan z MK, na -OH skupino na C3 pa se dodatno povezujejo različne skupine

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10
Q

sfingolipid brez povezave na C3 atomu

A

ceramid

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11
Q

sfingolipid s fosfoholinom/fosfoetanolaminom na C3 atomu

A

sfingomielin

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12
Q

sfingolipid s glukozo na C3 atomu

A

cerebrozid

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13
Q

sfingolipid s di-/tri-/tetrtasaharidom na C3 atomu

A

globozid

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14
Q

sfingolipid s kompleksnim saharidom in sialično kislino na C3 atomu

A

gangliozid

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15
Q

naloge sfingolipidov

A

sestavina membrane, mielinske ovojnice, prepoznavanje celic, prenos signala

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16
Q

naloga glikosfingolipidov

A

določanje krvne skupine (A - N-acetilgalaktozamin, B-galaktoza)

17
Q

motnje v metabolizmu sfingolipidov

A

1) Tay-Sachova bolezen (okvarjena heksoaminidaza A –> kopičenje GM2 gangliozida)
2) Niemann-Pickova bolezen (okvara sfingomielinaze –> kopičenje sfingomielina)
pride do skladiščenja sfingolipidov predvsem v živčevju, jetrih, vranici
posedica: motnje v razvoju, zgodnja smrt

Kemija - 2. delni izpit (37 decks)

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