Neurology 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Thalamus role?

Thalamus in parkinson?

A

Sensory cortex
Inhibit GABA

No more inhibition ( loss of dopaminergic neurons) = unwanted movements

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2
Q

Familial CJD - mutation?

A

PRNP mutation

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3
Q

CJD - what result seen in LP?

A

Protein 14-3-3

Caudate hyperintensity on MRI

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4
Q

Progressive Bulbar palsy a/w what mutation?

A

SOD1 -glutamate toxicity

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5
Q

Teriflunomide MOA?

A

inhibit dihyro-oorotate dehydrogenase - disrupts pyrimidine

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6
Q

Glatiramer MOA?

A

Myelin protein mimicker

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7
Q

Dimethyl fumarate MOA?

A

NF2 activator - protect neuron from oxidative stress

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8
Q

Alemtuzumab famous side effect?

A

Autoimmune thyroiditis

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9
Q

Cladribine MOA?

A

Cut off memory B cells, decrease lymphocytes

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10
Q

Relapse remitting MS has what feature?

A

Bilateral INO

Unilateral Optic neuritis

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11
Q

Focal impaired awareness arises from what cortex?

focal seizure = EEG finding?

A

Mesial temporal lobe - hippocampus

Anterior temporal lobe spike

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12
Q

Hyperventilation can induce what type of seizure?

A

Absence seizure

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13
Q

Which AED is non-linear kinetics?

A

Gabapentin

Phenytoin

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14
Q

Which AED is renally secreted?

A

Gabapentin

Levetiracetam

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15
Q

Which AED is safe in pregnancy?

A

Levetiracetam

Lamotrigine

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16
Q

Wallerian degeneration?

A

WALL-E = distant future = degeneration distal to axon injury

17
Q

Haemotoxylin-Eosin staining for what?

A

ANCA vasculitis
Amyloid
Sarcoidosis
-all have asymmetric progressive neuropathy

18
Q

Multifocal motor neuropathy commonest presentation?

A

Wrist drop

+ve anti-GM1

19
Q

Acute MG - lung function test?

Chronic MG - lung function test?

A

PEFR (acute)

FVC ( chronic)

20
Q

IBM antibodies is what?

A

anti-NTSC1a

21
Q

what connects wernicke and broca area?

A

Arcuate fasciculus

22
Q

Hemicrania continua a/w what?

A

pituitary adenoma/prolactinoma

23
Q

MRI changes a/w Enterovirus?

A

Basal ganglia/brainstem

24
Q

Viral encephalitis complications?

A

Chronic amnesiac state

Kluver-bucy syndrome (B/L temporal lobe)

25
Cranial nerves purely motor purely sensory
Sensory : 1, 2 and 8 ( I 2 sensed hunger and ATE(8) Everything else is purely motor except 5,7,9,10 Mixed : 5,7,9,10
26
What nerves passes through cavernous sinus?
3,4,5,6
27
Ramsay Hunt syndrome means VZV reactivation where?
7th nerve geniculate ganglion
28
7th nerve palsy at pontine due to? | 7th nerve palsy at cerebellopontine angle due to?
Pontine - Vascular, tumour CP angle - acoustic neuroma
29
Strongest risk factor for recurrent TIA/stroke
Severe carotid artery stenosis
30
TACI cardinal signs? site of lesion?
Higher centre dysfunction Homonymous hemianopia Motor/sensory = 2/3 face/arm/leg Site - ICA/ proximal MCA - M1
31
PACI cardinal signs? Site of lesion
DANISH signs Dysdiadochokinesia/Ataxia/Nystagmus/Intentional tremors/Slurred speech/Hypotonia Site - Distal MCA