Infectious Disease 5

Question 1

Colistin Mechanism of action?

Answer 1

Bind to lipopolysaccharides - leak the protein = bacteria dies

Question 2

Daptomycin mechanism of action?

What inactivates daptomycin?

Answer 2

Lipopeptide - insert into cell wall and disrupt, increase permeability

Surfactant ( lipophilic)

Question 3

What antibiotics affected by efflux pumping out antibiotics from plasma?
(change in antibiotics concept)

Answer 3

The fuck
Tetracyclines
Fluoroquinolones

Question 4

Change in antibiotics concept ( gram negative bacteria developing resistance) how ?

Answer 4

Reduce porin under stress

Question 5

Ca-MRSA ( community ) has high virulence - why?

Ca-MRSA resistant to what antibiotics?

Answer 5

PVL - panton-valentine leucocidin virulence factor

B-lactams

Question 6

VISA is defined as ?

Answer 6

Prolonged vancomycin therapy - achieving MIC of 4-8

Question 7

VRSA comes from?

Answer 7

Conjugation with VRE

Question 8

Treatment for MRSA but also VISA?

Answer 8

VISA = Get tickets, and certificate and zolid plan to australia

Tickets = Tigecycline
Certificate = Ceftarolline
Zolid = Linezolid

Question 9

Treatment for VRE ?

Answer 9

Linezolid

Question 10

Treatment for CRE?

Answer 10

Col fuckin Tiger
Col= Colistin
Fuckin = Nitrofurantoin
Tiger = Tigecycline

Question 11

Organism that has CRE usually?

Answer 11

E. coli

Klebsiella

Question 12

When must eradicate MRSA carrier? and treatment?

Answer 12

Recurrent boils/cellulitis - MRSA
PVL strain detected

Nasal muciprocin

Question 13

muciprocin mechanism of action?

Answer 13

Inhibit RNA and protein synthesis

Inhibit tRNA synthetase in bacteria

Question 14

HIV variant in Australia?

Answer 14

HIV B - M variant

Question 15

Why HIV prefer CXCR4 receptor to gain entry into CD4 in late stage?

Answer 15

Increase viral replications due to increased RNA levels

Increased Lymphocytes infection

Question 16

What NRTI in neonates to reduce HIV infection?

Answer 16

Zidovudine

Question 17

Types of treatment failure in HIV?

Answer 17

Viral blip : Viral load > 200 (transient) = adherence issue

viral rebound : Viral load > 200 = Resistance Assay!

Immunological failure = CD4 no rise

Question 18

most common malignancy a/w immunosuppression?

Answer 18

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 19

Toxoplasmosis - treatment?

Answer 19

Pyrimethamine

Question 20

Toxoplasmosis - opthal infection causes what?

Answer 20

Necrotising retinochoroiditis

Question 21

Strep pyogenes secretes what?

Answer 21

Pyrogenic cytotoxin - Toxic Superantigen ( scarlet fever)

Question 22

ESBL usually from what organism?

Answer 22

Gram negative AEROBES - E.coli/ Klebsiella

Question 23

Lymphogranuloma vereneum caused by?

-clinical features?

Answer 23

Chlamydia trachomatis L1-3 species
-COMMON IN AUSTRALIA

small PAINLESS penis ulcer —> resolved then painful unilateral inguinal/femoral lymphadenopathy + proctitis

Question 24

Hemophilus ducreyi clinical features?

Answer 24

PAINFUL genital/penis ulcer + painful unilateral inguinal lymphadenitis

Question 25

Tabes dorsalis?

Answer 25

Syphilis damage posterior/dorsal columns of spinal cord ( degeneration)

• ataxia, loss of proprioception and dysmetria
• argyll robertson pupils

Question 26

Test specific for syphilis?

Answer 26

TPPA (treponemal)

Question 27

What is Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction?

Answer 27

Benzathine penicillin for syphilis

-lipoprotein from syphilis cause cytokine surge = fever/tachycardia/rash/hypotension

Question 28

Ansel criteria for bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 28

• Creamy discharge + fishy smell
• *CUE cells
• alkaline vaginal pH

Question 29

Influenza cause by what virus?

Answer 29

RNA virus - orthomyxovirus

-sporadic mutations of N proteins (neuramidase)

Question 30

Hemagglutinin H proteins function?

Answer 30

influenza virus to Hover and bind to target cells

Question 31

Neuramidase N proteins function?

Answer 31

Helps virus leave cell and spread infection