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BPT annoying facts > Gastroenterology 2 > Flashcards

Gastroenterology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pegylated IFN use when?

A

HBV + HDV

No portal HTN/thrombosis

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2
Q

Alcohol - toxicity to nerve - what type and manifestation?

In brain where alcohol attack?

A

Axonal degeneration
Common peroneal nerve neuropathy

Brain - Purkinje cells

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3
Q

Type 1 Autoimmune hepatitis

Type 2 Autoimmune hepatitis

A

Type 1 = SMA - smooth muscle antibodies/IgG - Adulthood - female

Type 2 = LKM - drug induced, younger age
-more difficult to treat

SLA/LP is most specific for AIH!

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4
Q

Maddrey score used for?

A

Alcoholic hepatitis

Score > 30 = systemic oral corticosteroids

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5
Q

Continue IV NAC till when?

A

ALT improves
INR < 2
Panadol < 10 mg/L

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6
Q

Th response in Ulcerative colitis?

A

Th2 ( remember autoimmune)

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7
Q

Monoclonal antibodies for maintenance phase of UC?

A

Vedolizumab/ Ustekinumab

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8
Q

Allopurinol cannot be use with?

A

Aza/mercaptopurine - increases their levels and causes myelosuppression

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9
Q

Microsopic colitis has 2 types?

Treatment of it?

A

Collagenous
Lymphocytic

SNRI/SSRI withdrawal
give Oral budesonide

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10
Q

Only proven surgery for GORD?

A

Nissen fundoplication

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11
Q

H.pylori is what organism?

A

Gram negative flagellated

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12
Q

How pantoprazole work?

A

Blocks CCK2/gastrin receptor

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13
Q

Zollinger ellison syndrome diagnosis?

A

MEN1 gene
Fasting gastrin level > 1000
Gastric ulcer!

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14
Q

Surveillance of
1-FAP

2-Lynch syndrome

What age FAP and lynch usually occurs?

A

FAP
Colonoscopy from 10 years old
Endoscopy from 20 years old

HNPCC
Colonoscopy from 20 years old
Everything else from 30 years old - TVS/pelvic US/endoscopy/Urinalysis

40 years old

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15
Q

What is lamivudine?

A

Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

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16
Q

Bilirubin broken down in liver via what process?

A

Glucoronidation

17
Q

What diet causes IBS and why?

A

FODMAP ( short chain Carbohydrates) - not absorbed in gut, too short = so ferment

18
Q

Refractory coeliac disease type and treatment?

A

Gluten free diet for 12 months
Type 1 = Normal IEL = immunosuppressant

Type 2 Monoclonal IEL = Chemotherapy + ASCT

19
Q

Non-responsive Coeliac disease treatment?

A

Gluten free diet 6 months and re-biopsy

20
Q

NASH histology shows?

NAFLD histology shows?

Autoimmune hepatitis histology shows?

Alcoholic hepatitis histology shows?

A

NASH = Hepatocyte ballooning

NAFLD = macrovesicular steatosis

AIH = Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and necrosis, hepatocyte rossette

Alcoholic hepatitis = Mallory hyaline changes

21
Q

Wilson’s copper like to deposit where?

A

basal ganglia

22
Q

Treatment of Wilson disease?
Acute
Maintenance

A

Acute - Penicillamine = copper chelation and increase urinary copper

Maintenance - Zinc = stimulates metallothiorein - increase urinary copper

23
Q

Type of achalasia has best prognosis?

A

Type II compression

24
Q

How amiodarone causes liver injury?

A

inhibit Phospholipase A - lots of lipids in liver

25
Q

Triad of hemachromatosis? (HFE mutation)

A

Skin bronze
DM
Liver cirrhosis

26
Q

Myenteric (auerbach) plexus innervates what and found where?

A

Smooth muscles within Muscularis layer

27
Q

What hormones trigger parietal cell acid?

A

Gastrin
Acetylcholine
Histamine

28
Q

what glands found only in duoedenum?

A

Brunner’s gland - secrete alkaline HCO3, mucus

29
Q

Muscles of stomach does what?
Inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal

A

inner oblique = churns stomach
middle circular = pyloric sphincter
outer longitudinal = peristaltic wave

30
Q

Sudak point
importance?
prone to?

A

watershed region - rectosigmoid junction

prone to ischemic colitis

31
Q

What HLA strongly a/w AIH?

A

HLA DRB1-301

32
Q

In liver cirrhosis/failure - threshold to transfuse prior to procedure/paracentesis?

What is elevated in liver cirrhosis?

A

PLT > 50
Fibrinogen > 1.2

vWF ( so Desmopressin no use)

33
Q

Statins in liver cirrhosis?

A

Prevent hepatic decompensation/ reduce risk of HCC

Improve survival in those with variceal bleeding

BPT annoying facts (62 decks)

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