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BPT annoying facts > Endocrinology 1 > Flashcards

Endocrinology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Longest acting insulin

A

Degludec followed by Glargine/ Determir

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2
Q

Most rapid acting onset insulin

A

Fiasp

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3
Q

Urea cycle disorder -X linked = deficiency in what?

What the deficient enzyme does?

A

Ornithine transcarbamylase - final act in converting Ammonium to urea

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4
Q

What test highly suggestive of Urea cycle disorder?

A

High Plasma ammonia + Normal blood glucose and lactate

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5
Q

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis - what channel mutation?

A

Voltage gated CALCIUM channel

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6
Q

Wolffian ducts differentiate into?

Mullerian ducts differentiate into?

A

Wolffian = Male internal tract + genitalia

Mullerian = female internal tract + genitalia

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7
Q

Androgen resistance what happens?

A

External phenotype feminised but no internal reproductive tracts at all

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8
Q

Testicular dysgenesis what happens?

A

Testes development in utero is poor
-decreased androgen and mullerian regression factor secretion

SO Mullerian duct may differentiate -female internal tract

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9
Q

Wolffian duct requires what hormone to differentiate - internal tract and external male genitalia?

A

Internal male tract = Testosterone

External male genitalia (scrotum,penis) = Dihydrotestosterone

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10
Q

‘Penis-at-twelve’ syndrome - deficient of what hormone?

A

congenital 5a reductase syndrome

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11
Q

Graves disease with orbitopathy - what treatment is contraindicated?

A

Radioiodine - it worsens it

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12
Q

Octreotide known to cause what?

A

Gallstones

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13
Q

GRA pathophysiology and treatment?

A

Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism - rare cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
High aldosterone due to stimulation by ACTH

  • steroids given to suppress ACTH - if work then it is GRA
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14
Q

Cortisol inhibits what and vice versa?

A

ADH

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15
Q

1st line treatment in nephrogenic DI?

2nd line treatment in nephrogenic DI?

A

1st - low sodium diet

2nd - Thiazide - paradoxical - Anti diuretic effect but mechanism unknown

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16
Q

Angular cheilitis/glossitis commonest cause?

A 
Fungal candida (commonest)
2nd is Vit B2 deficiency (riboflavin)
17
Q

Nuclear receptor are?

A

Receptor that binds to steroid hormone or thyroid hormones - regulates gene transcription and translation

18
Q

Classical complication of hemochromatosis

A

hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

19
Q

what hormones promotes satiety?

A 
Leptin
CCK
Amylin
Insulin
GLP-1
20
Q

Biotin causes what?

A

False positive Graves picture

-Low TSH and high T3/T4

21
Q

Deiodinases 1 is found in which organ

Deiodinases 3 is found where?

A

D1 = liver/kidney/thyroid
D3 is widespread
D2 is other organs apart from D1

22
Q

SERM shown to?

A

ONLY REDUCE VETEBRAL FRACTURES

23
Q

Pseudohypoparathyroidism main problem?

A

CaSR mutation - doesn’t sense CA

24
Q

Acromegaly versus gigantism?

A

Acromegaly - GH excess before epiphyses fused

Gigantism - GH excess after epiphyses fused

25
Q

Water deprivation test measure what?

A

Copeptin (derived from arginine vasopressin aka ADH)

- failure to rise >5 = partial or complete Diabetic insipidus

26
Q

Apart from GLP1-agonist, what else use to reduce weight?

A

Topiramate

Phentermine - suppresses appetite

27
Q

Changes to which type of Ca will affect PTH?

A

ionised Calcium

28
Q

G protein - what turns it on and off?

G protein function?

A

Turn on = GTP
Turn off = GDP

1.molecular switch within cells
-Gas - cAMP = signal transduction for many hormones
+GNRH/CRH/ACTH/TSH/LH/FSH
-Gaq -stimulate ACEII = blood control
-Gai -inhibit cAMP from ATP

29
Q

HyperParathyroid = surgery indications?

A 
Ca > 2.8
24 hours urine > 10
Age < 50
eGFR < 60
BMD < 2.5 / fragility #

BORED - BMD
24 hours CAGE

30
Q

Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Type 1A
Type 1B

A

Type 1A - GNAS mutation
Mom- TSH/PTH hormone resistance
Dad - Short stature - osteodystrophy

Type 1B - GNAS normal + imprinting/methylation
Hypocalcemia

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