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BPT annoying facts > Infectious Disease 7 > Flashcards

Infectious Disease 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Schistosomiasis features

Schistosomiasis comes from?

treatment?

A

features - blood eosinophilia, bladder cancer or hematuria

Aetiology - Snails = Flat tapeworm

Tx - Praziquantel

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2
Q

Leishmaniasis features

treatment?

A

Chronic skin ulceration in nose/mouth
+ Hepatoslenomegaly

Tx - Amphotericin

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3
Q

Amoebiasis transmission mechanism?

A

Water/food - cyst

Fecal oral - trophozoites

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4
Q

Amoebiasis treatment?

A

Asymp. carriage = Paromomycin

Colitis, diarrhea = Metronidazole

Abscess ( trophozoites) = Drain it + Metronidazole + Ampicillin + Gentamicin

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5
Q

Strongyloidiasis aetiology?

Infection pattern?

Worms goes into lungs?

Treatment

A

Roundworm

Auto-infection + Hyperinfection in intestine

Lungs = Loffler syndrome - pulmonary eosinophilia of upper lobes

Ivermectin/Albendazole

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6
Q

Filariasis aetiology?

Treatment?

A

Roundworm

Tx - Ivermectin/Albendazole

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7
Q

Neurocysticerosis aetiology?

A

Taenia tapeworm

Tx
GI taenia = Praziquantel
Neuro taenia = Albendazole + Steroids

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8
Q

Hydatid disease aetiology?

Clinical presentation?

Tx?

A

Echinococcocis tapeworm

Clinical - large liver/alveolar cysts

Treatment
Albendazole + PAIR (Puncture,Aspirate,inject and reaspiration)
-if spilled in surgery
=Praziquantel

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9
Q

Angiostrongylus cantonesis aetiology?

Tx?

A

Snails - roundworm
=Eosinophilic meningitis!

Tx Albendazole + Steroids

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10
Q

Glutamate dehydrogenase sensitive in what infection?

A

C. difficile

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11
Q

C. difficile most virulent strain?

A

PCR 027

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12
Q

Staph aureus produces what?

MRSA produces what?

A

Protein A coagulase

PVL - panton-Valentine leucidin protein

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13
Q

What is jarish-herxheimer reaction and treatment?

A

Release of toxins from treponemal destruction = give with prednisolone + Benzylpenicillin
(syphillis)

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14
Q

Enterococcus usually treat with what abx?

A

Amoxicillin + Gentamicin

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15
Q

Bartonella infection - treat with?

Cat scratch disease

A

systemic + persistent lymphadenopathy = Azithromycin (macrolide)

Endocarditis = Doxycycline + Gentamicin/Rifampicin

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16
Q

Q fever treat with?

in pregnancy?

A

Doxycycline

Pregnancy = Bactrim + FOLIC ACID until 32 weeks no matter what!

17
Q

Brucellosis from pigs - treat with?

A

Doxycycline + Rifampicin ( reduce rate of failure/relapse)

18
Q

Which organism causes nitrates negative but leucocytes positive for UTI? ( don’t produce nitrate reductase)

A 
Pseudomonas
Enterococcus fecalis
Acinebacter
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
19
Q

Alemtuzumab famously cause what type of infection?

A

Listeria

20
Q

Primary prophylaxis in HIV - what organism and what’s the treatment?

A

Pneumocytic carinii
MAC
Toxoplasmosis

Bactrim - covers Toxoplasmosis and PJP
Azithromycin - covers MAC

21
Q

PJP but allergy to Bactrim or sulphur - what’s the alternative?

A

Clindamycin + Primaquine

22
Q

Toxoplasma but allergy to Bactrim - what’s the alternative?

A

Dapsone ( Need to include folic acid - calcium folinate) + Pyrimethamine

23
Q

Whipple disease pathogenesis and treatment?

A

Gram +ve Trop Whippelli

manifest as malabsorption syndrome

Tx - IV Ceftriaxone, then Bactrim as maintenance

24
Q

Trimethoprim mechanism of action?

A

Bacterial Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

25
Q

Rifampicin inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase

The analogue in mammals/humans is cytarabine - how it works?

A

Inhibit a-DNA polymerase

26
Q

sulfonamides - sulfamethazole mechanism of action?

A

Inhibit folate synthesis

27
Q

Tetracycline usually inhibit 30s Ribosomal unit - but it can also attack 50s - how?

A

Competitive binding site of A site for tRNA - inhibit protein synthesis

28
Q

4 main ways mechanism of antimicrobial resistance?

A

Modify anti-microbial molecule - destroy/chemical alteration
Prevents molecule reaching target - efflux/permeability alteration
Modify target site
Resistance ( global adaptive effect)

29
Q

Prevents molecule from reaching target - efflux/permeability -porin - affects what antibiotics?

A
  1. Efflux pumps
    - Tetracyclines
    - Fluoroquinolones
    - Chloramphenicol
  2. Permeability - porins ( Pseudomonas/ Enterobacter)
    - Tetracyclines
    - fluoroquinolones
    - b-lactams
30
Q

Modify target site - affects what drug?

A

Target site mutation - Rifampicin/ Fluoroquinolones - main way of resistance

Methylation of 50s - lincosamides/macrolides

Replace antibiotics’ target with smtg else, cell wall continue to strengthens (MRSA/VRE)

31
Q

Modify antibiotic molecules - what drugs affected?

A

B-lactam

aminoglycosides

31
Q

NRTI/NtRI - mechanism of action?

Zidovudine - what analogues?
Lamivudine/Emtricitabine - what analogues?
Abacavir/entecavir - what analogues?
Tenofovir/tAdefovir - what analogues?

A

Incorporate into Viral DNA growing chain but incomplete - so halting replication

Zidovudine - Thymidine analogue
Lami/Emtri = Cytosine analogue
Aba/Ente = Guanosine NRTI ( nucleoside)
Teno/Ade = Guanosine NtRTI ( nucleotide)

32
Q

Non-nucleotide RTI - mechanism and eg drugs?

A

Bind to reverse transcriptase enzyme, near catalytic side and deactivates enzyme

Efavirenz
Nevirapine

33
Q

Antivirals for herpes group - aciclovir/famiclovir -mechanism of action?

A

Inhibit DNA polymerase

phosphorylated by Triphosphate form to be active

34
Q

HIV lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma - what’s the virus causing it?

A

EBV!!!

35
Q

Aciclovir and Herpes zoster opthalmicus?

A

Reduces pain and complications but NOT POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA

36
Q

TB most resistant to which drugs worldwide?

A

Isoniazid

37
Q

Aflatoxins from Aspergillus fungi a/w?

A

P53 mutations = HCC

38
Q

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock syndrome divided into 2 categories?
Pathogenesis?

A

Menstrual - tampon colonised by S. Aureus
Non-menstrual - burns/surgery/ post-influenza pneumonia

Superantigens bind to MHC II - interact with T cells - large amount of IL2, IL1, cytokines (TNF-a, IFy) release

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