Immunology 2 Flashcards
Alternate pathway involves what?
Classical pathway involves what?
Alternate pathway = Foreign surface ( IgA immune complex, C3 nephritic factor, Factor B,D) - Have Control proteins Proteins H,I
Classical pathway = C1q ( IgG and IgM activates C1q)
what is tol-like receptor?
Transmembrane form of PRR
TLR found in where?
Macrophages
Foreign cells have what and lack of what?
Lack of MHC receptors
Have PAMPS
Plasmablast has CD?
CD138 + myc gene
MHC I found in what cells?
All nucleated cells (bind to foreign peptides from cytosolic cells)
-intracellular
MHC II found in what cells?
APC cells = DC/ Phagocytes/B cells/Thymic epithelial cells
- trigger phagocytosis- acquire the pathogen and present to CD4 cells
- extracellular
What is p53 and the function?
Tumor suppressor gene
Function - guardian of Repair = Arrest cell cycle at G1 and repair DNA
How does HSV escapes Antigen presenting cell?
HSV virus produces TAP inhibitor
TAP -transport protein into ER and combine it with MHC I
How does adenovirus escapes Antigen presenting cell?
Anchors MHC in ER - prevents surface expression of MHC
How does CMV escapes Antigen presenting cell?
Accelerates proteins out of ER
Most specific test for NSAIDS hypersensitivity?
Basophils activation test
Positive acute phase protein examples?
Triple CHAfRM
CRP Ceruloplasmin Complement factors Haptoglobin Amyloid A Ferritin Mannose-binding proteins
Negative acute phase protein examples?
ATTTRA
Albumin Transthretin Transferrin Transcortin Retinol Anti-thrombin
Antibody mediated rejection - what complement involved and findings?
C4D
Peritubular capillaries involvement
Fibrin thrombi, fibrinoid necrosis
Type I cryoglobulinemia a/w ?
Type II/III a/w?
Type I = clonal hematological malignancies - MM, WM, MGUS
Type II/III = Hep C cryoglobulinemia, Hodgkin, connective tissue disease
Low risk history of penicillin allergy - what’s the next step?
Low risk - Oral challenge
Moderate risk - skin patch test - if positive = oral challenge/desensitisation
What insect bite causes systemic mastocytosis?
Hymenoptera venom ( bee/wasp)
What is the main source of IL-1?
Macrophages
- secretes IL1 which stimulate T helper cell to secrete IL2
- IL-1 cause inflammation and fever
What is polysaccharide vaccine and example?
Inactivated unit of vaccine has long chains polysaccharide/sugar ( that sugar resembles bacterial protein)
Eg - Pneumococcal and Salmonella
What is conjugate vaccine and example?
Antigens/Toxoid conjugate ( link) with long chain polysaccharide/sugar = stimulate immunity
Eg. Hemophilus influenza and Meningococcal
Which vaccine produce longer lasting immunity?
Conjugate vaccine
What is recombinant vaccine and example?
Inject bacteria’s DNA into human cells and the cell produce immune response towards it
Eg. Hepatitis B
CRP activates what in innate system?
C1q which binds directly to bacteria
MAC - C7 function, C8-9 function?
C7 - insertion into lipid bilayer
C8 - 9 = lysis of target cell, membrane damage
Complement function?
COIIN Cytolysis - pores Opsonisation Immune complex clearing Inflammation via anaphylatoxins
Complement deficiency syndrome inheritance?
Commonest deficiency?
All inheritances are Autosomal recessive except Properdin ( X-linked)
C2 = commonest deficiency
Cobra venom does what?
Mimics C3B - widespread complement activation - can’t be inactivated by H,I
Tol like receptor recognises what?
Gram -ve ( liposaccharides) and activate innate system - cytokines
Can activate B cells -
