Immunology 2

Question 1

Alternate pathway involves what?

Classical pathway involves what?

Answer 1

Alternate pathway = Foreign surface ( IgA immune complex, C3 nephritic factor, Factor B,D) - Have Control proteins Proteins H,I

Classical pathway = C1q ( IgG and IgM activates C1q)

Question 2

what is tol-like receptor?

Answer 2

Transmembrane form of PRR

Question 3

TLR found in where?

Answer 3

Macrophages

Question 4

Foreign cells have what and lack of what?

Answer 4

Lack of MHC receptors

Have PAMPS

Question 5

Plasmablast has CD?

Answer 5

CD138 + myc gene

Question 6

MHC I found in what cells?

Answer 6

All nucleated cells (bind to foreign peptides from cytosolic cells)
-intracellular

Question 7

MHC II found in what cells?

Answer 7

APC cells = DC/ Phagocytes/B cells/Thymic epithelial cells

• trigger phagocytosis- acquire the pathogen and present to CD4 cells
• extracellular

Question 8

What is p53 and the function?

Answer 8

Tumor suppressor gene

Function - guardian of Repair = Arrest cell cycle at G1 and repair DNA

Question 9

How does HSV escapes Antigen presenting cell?

Answer 9

HSV virus produces TAP inhibitor

TAP -transport protein into ER and combine it with MHC I

Question 10

How does adenovirus escapes Antigen presenting cell?

Answer 10

Anchors MHC in ER - prevents surface expression of MHC

Question 11

How does CMV escapes Antigen presenting cell?

Answer 11

Accelerates proteins out of ER

Question 12

Most specific test for NSAIDS hypersensitivity?

Answer 12

Basophils activation test

Question 13

Positive acute phase protein examples?

Triple CHAfRM

Answer 13

CRP
Ceruloplasmin
Complement factors
Haptoglobin
Amyloid A
Ferritin
Mannose-binding proteins

Question 14

Negative acute phase protein examples?

ATTTRA

Answer 14

Albumin
Transthretin
Transferrin
Transcortin
Retinol
Anti-thrombin

Question 15

Antibody mediated rejection - what complement involved and findings?

Answer 15

C4D
Peritubular capillaries involvement
Fibrin thrombi, fibrinoid necrosis

Question 16

Type I cryoglobulinemia a/w ?

Type II/III a/w?

Answer 16

Type I = clonal hematological malignancies - MM, WM, MGUS

Type II/III = Hep C cryoglobulinemia, Hodgkin, connective tissue disease

Question 17

Low risk history of penicillin allergy - what’s the next step?

Answer 17

Low risk - Oral challenge

Moderate risk - skin patch test - if positive = oral challenge/desensitisation

Question 18

What insect bite causes systemic mastocytosis?

Answer 18

Hymenoptera venom ( bee/wasp)

Question 19

What is the main source of IL-1?

Answer 19

Macrophages

• secretes IL1 which stimulate T helper cell to secrete IL2
• IL-1 cause inflammation and fever

Question 20

What is polysaccharide vaccine and example?

Answer 20

Inactivated unit of vaccine has long chains polysaccharide/sugar ( that sugar resembles bacterial protein)

Eg - Pneumococcal and Salmonella

Question 21

What is conjugate vaccine and example?

Answer 21

Antigens/Toxoid conjugate ( link) with long chain polysaccharide/sugar = stimulate immunity

Eg. Hemophilus influenza and Meningococcal

Question 22

Which vaccine produce longer lasting immunity?

Answer 22

Conjugate vaccine

Question 23

What is recombinant vaccine and example?

Answer 23

Inject bacteria’s DNA into human cells and the cell produce immune response towards it

Eg. Hepatitis B

Question 24

CRP activates what in innate system?

Answer 24

C1q which binds directly to bacteria

Question 25

MAC - C7 function, C8-9 function?

Answer 25

C7 - insertion into lipid bilayer

C8 - 9 = lysis of target cell, membrane damage

Question 26

Complement function?

Answer 26

COIIN
Cytolysis - pores
Opsonisation
Immune complex clearing
Inflammation via anaphylatoxins

Question 27

Complement deficiency syndrome inheritance?

Commonest deficiency?

Answer 27

All inheritances are Autosomal recessive except Properdin ( X-linked)

C2 = commonest deficiency

Question 28

Cobra venom does what?

Answer 28

Mimics C3B - widespread complement activation - can’t be inactivated by H,I

Question 29

Tol like receptor recognises what?

Answer 29

Gram -ve ( liposaccharides) and activate innate system - cytokines

Can activate B cells -