Hematology 1 Flashcards
IL6 can cause what increase in what in liver?
Hepcidin
Hereditary Iron deficiency Anemia (HIDA) mutation?
TMPRSS6 mutation - encode for matriptase-2
Matriptase-2 mutation - gain of function?
Inhibit hepcidin
HUS - toxin pathogenesis
E. Coli Toxin bind to CD77 (Gb3) - endothelial apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines
Acquired TTP epidemiology association?
Black, female, Age 10 - 50
TTP has renal failure/AKI?
No - very rare
ADAMTS13 function?
Cleave A2 domain large vWF
Properdin stabilised what?
C3bBb
Properdin deficiency results in?
Meningococcal sepsis
Commonest cause of B12 (cobalamin) deficiency
Pernicious anemia
B-thalassemia a/w what infections?
Encapsulated organism and Yersinia
-they favour iron laden tissue
Lowest level of hepcidin found in what thalassemia?
Alpha Thalassemia intermedia
-high EPO drive due to hemolysis but ineffective erthyropoiesis
-not major because would be transfuse blood regularly
Why warfarin not to be used until Platelets > 150 in HITS?
Warfarin decreases Protein C ( + Factor 7) - so very high pro-thrombotic state
Skin necrosis
Alternative anti-coagulants (non-heparin) for HITS?
Danaparoid (Factor 10a inhibitor)
Argatroban ( Direct thrombin inhibitor)
Which factor that thrombin doesn’t activate?
Factor 7
prothrombin gene mutation?
G2021OA
what is anti-thrombin III?
serine protease inhibitor
what does anti-thrombin III inhibit?
1972 + 11 + 12
Factor
2,7,9,10,11,12
Commonest bleeding disorder cause?
VWD Type 1
-superficial bleed
what does warfarin inhibits?
C1972
Factor C
Factor 10,9,7,2
Febrile NON-haemolytic anaemia commonest cause?
Cytokines from transfusion products
Allergic reaction from transfusion mainly due to?
IgA in blood products - antibodies against them developed
TRALI mechanism of action?
HLA antibodies - attack lung parenchymal
FFP contains what?
Cryoprecipitate contains what?
FFP = clotting factors (10 ml/kg)
Cryoprecipitate = clotting factors -F8/9/vWF + Fibrinogen
precipitated from FFP
(0.1 unit /kg)
Prothombinex contains what?
Factor 1972 ( Factor 10,9,7,2)
ESRF - what cells seen in peripheral blood film?
Burr cells aka Echinocytes = thorny spiked RBC
IDA/Thalassemia - what cells seen on peripheral blood film?
Target cells aka codocytes
Cobalamin (B12) deficiency causes?
G2 cell arrest
Macrocytic anemia
hypersegmented neutrophils
Highest risk factor for Venous TE?
Recent knee/hip surgery
Highest risk of PE if thrombus is found in which vein?
internal iliac vein
