Neuro-Narcotic Analgesics Flashcards
What is the classification for the opioid oxymorphone
Semisynthetic full agonist
What are some of the acute affects of opioid use
-Respiratory depression, urticaria (skin rash), pruritus (urge to scratch), myoclonus and seizures
What is the classification for the opioid buprenorphine
Partial mu-R agonist
What are effects of long term chronic opioid use
Hypogonadism, immunosupression, increased feeding and GH secretion, hyperalgesia
What is the only opiod with a low efficacy
Codeine
What are the general trends seen in administration of opioids in the altered physiological state of infants
Prolonged effect (immature renal function and decreased conjugating ability)
What are the general trends seen in administration of opioids in the altered physiological state of obesity
Overdosage (Vd is not represented by the body weight)
What is the mechansim of action for Tapentadol
NET inhibator and moderate Mu-R agonist
What are the general trends seen in administration of opioids in the altered physiological state of renal failure
Morphine toxicity (accumulation of M6P) Pethidine toxicity (accumulation of norpethidine)
What is the classification for the opioid hydromorphone
Semisynthetic full agonist
What is the mechanism of action for post synaptic mu receptors
Increases potassium efflux and subsequent hyperpolarization
What is nalmefene used to treat
Alcohol addiction by antagonist of Mu-R and partial agonist of Kappa
What is the classification for the opioid codeine
Natural full agonist
What is the classification for the opioid alfentanil
Synthetic full agonist
Which opioids can be used as an antitissive
- Codeine
- Dextropethorphan
- Levopropoxyphene
What is the mechanism of tramadol
Strong SERT inhibitor, weak NET inhibitor
What is the classification for the opioid pethidine
Synthetic full agonist
What are the general trends seen in administration of opioids in the altered physiological state of hepatic failure.
Increased sensitivity (altered BBB if with encephalopathy, along with increased half life due to decreased detoxifying ability
What are the 4 opioid mixed receptor agonist antagonists
- Pentazocine
- Nalbuphine
- Buprenorphine
- Butorphanol
What is the classification for the opioid methadone
Synthetic full agonist
What are the contraindications for used of opioids
- Respiratory depression
- Renal Failure
- biliary colic
- blood toxicity
- Raised intracranial pressure
What is the classification for the opioid fentanyl
Synthetic full agonist
What is the classification for the opioid Morphine
Natural full agonist
What is methadone used to treat and what is the mechanism
Opioid addictions via agonist of Mu-R
What are the MOA for Buprenorphine
Partial mu agonist and kappa antagonist
What is the MOA for Nalbuphine
Kappa agonist and mu antagonist
What is the classification for the opioid tramadol
Synthetic full agonist
Which of the opioids are influenced by the first pass system
- Morphine
- Methadone
- Fentanyl
What are the medium strength opioids
- Nalbuphine
- Pentazocine
- Buprenorphine
What is the classification for the opioid remifentanil
Synthetic full agonist
What are the general trends seen in administration of opioids in the altered physiological state of elderly
INcreaed sensitivity and prolonged effect (increase fat mass and detoxifying ability)
What is the mechanism of action for opioids in the Presynaptic mu receptor
Inhibits calcium influx and decreased NT release
What is naltrexone used to treat
Alcohol and opioid addiction via antagonist of Mu-R and partial agonist of kappa
What is the classification for the opioid pentazocine
Agonist-antagonist
What is the classification for the opioid Naltrexone
Mu-R antagonist
What is buprenorphine used to treat
Opioid addiction via partial agonist of all three receptors
