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Pharmacology & Drugs > GI- Antibiotics And Anti-parastic Agents > Flashcards

GI- Antibiotics And Anti-parastic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three general things given to patients with an infection of cryptosporidium parvum

A
  • Antidiarrheal agents
  • Fluid management
  • Antimicrobial agents
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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action for ivermectin

A

Intensifies GABA transmission leading to inhibition of movement and paralysis

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3
Q

What is the primary treatment for:

-A. Lumbricoides

A

Ivermectin

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4
Q

What are the antimicrobial agent given for cryptosporidium parvum

A

Nitazoxanide or paromomycin

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action for praziquantel

A

Increases the permeability of nematode and cestode cell membranes to calcium, leading to paralysis, dislodgement, and death

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6
Q

What is the alternate treatment for:

-S.Stercoalis

A

Albendazole

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7
Q

What is the primary treatment for:

  • N. americanus
  • A. Duodenale
A

Albendazole

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8
Q

What is the treatment for infection with the Schistosoma spp.

A

Praziquantel

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9
Q

What is the alternate treatment for:

-T. Trichiura

A

Albendazole

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10
Q

Of the three bendazoles, which is the worse

A

Thiabendazole has multiple and severe side effects

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11
Q

What is the treatment of cryptosporidium parvum in an immunosuppressed patient

A

Reduce the dose of immunosuppressants and nitazoxanide

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12
Q

What is the benefit of using fidaxomicin for recurrent C. difficile infections

A

Spares the anaerobic colonic flora

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13
Q

What is the treatment of cryptosporidium in a patient with HIV

A

Antiretroviral therapy and nitazoxanide

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14
Q

When is metronidazole used over vancomycin for a mild C. difficile infection

A

When the oral administration of Vancomycin wont work

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15
Q

What is the pharmokinetics of iodoquinol

A

90% in the intestine and excreted in the feces

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16
Q

What is the alternate treatment for:

-A. Lumbricoides

A

Ivermectin

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17
Q

What is the treatment of choice for eradication of intestinal carriage of the organism (aka luminal amebicide)

A

Paromomycin or iodoquinol

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action for thiabendazole

A

Inhibits microtubule synthesis and causes paralysis

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19
Q

Which drug has low efficacy for:

  • N. americanus
  • A. Duodenale
A

Ivermectin

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20
Q

What is the primary treatment for:

-S.Stercoalis

A

Ivermectin

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21
Q

What is the preferred antimicrobial agent given for cryptosporidium parvum

A

Nitazoxanide

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22
Q

What is the mechanism of metronidazole

A

Messes with the ETC of the anaerobic bacteria

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23
Q

What is the mechansim of action for albendazole

A

Inhibits microtuble synthesis and causes paralysis

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24
Q

What are the side effects of nitazoxanide

A

Nausea, anorexia, enlarged salivary glands, yellow eyes, dysuria, bright yellow urine

25
Q

What is the antidiarrheal agents given for infection with cryptosporidium parvum

A

Loperamide

26
Q

What is the choice of treatment for elimination of invading entamoeba histolytica

A

Metronidazole and tinidazole

Must both be given to completely eradicate along with a luminal amebicide

27
Q

What are the pharmokenetics of praziquantel

A

Oral administration, excreted by the kidneys

28
Q

What are the treatments for H. Pylori

A
  • omeprazole (PPI)
  • Metronidazole
  • Tetracycline
  • Bismuth subsalicyte (Peptol Bismol)
29
Q

What are the agents that can be given for infection with Giardia lamblia

A
  • Tinidazole

- Nitazoxanide

30
Q

What are the alternate treatments for:

  • N. americanus
  • A. Duodenale
A
  • Mebendazole

- pyrantel pamoate

31
Q

What is the treatment for cestode infection

A

Praziquantel
Niclosamide
Abendazole

32
Q

What is the mechanism of action for pyrantel pamoate

A

Neuromuscular blocker, causing the release of acetylcholine and inhibition of cholinesterase

33
Q

What is the treatment of choice for severe C. difficile infection

A

Vancomycin

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action for paromomycin

A

Aka aminoglycoside

-Prevents elongation of the 30S ribosome

35
Q

What are the pharmakinetics of nitazoxanide

A

Rapidly absorbed, excreted in the urine and feces

36
Q

What is the treatment of choice of recurrent C. Difficile infection

A

Fidaxomicin

37
Q

What is the primary treatment for:

-A. Lumbricoides

A
  • Albendazole

- Mebendazole

38
Q

What is the mechanism of action for tetracycline

A

Binds to the 30S subunit and inhibits binding of the tRNA to complex

39
Q

What class of drug is omeprazole

A

PPI

40
Q

What is the treatment for the asymptomatic carriage 9 cysts or trophozoites without internalized RBCs

A

Luminal antibiotics aka paromomycin or iodoquinol

41
Q

What is the mechanism of tinidazole

A

Aka 5-nitoimidazole

-Messes with ETC and creating radical species

42
Q

What is the the mechansim of action for nitazoxanide

A

Inhibition of pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase

43
Q

What is the mechanism of fidaxomicin

A

Aka macrolide

-Binds to P site of the 50S subunit

44
Q

What is the mechanism of action for mebendazole

A

Inhibits microtubule synthesis and causes paralysis

45
Q

What is the primary treatment for T.trichiura

A

Mebendazole

46
Q

What is the preferred treatment for a mild C. difficile infection

A

Metranidazole

Vancomycin

47
Q

What is the mechanism of action for niclosamide

A

Inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation or stimulation of the ATPase activity

48
Q

What are the adverse effects of iodoquinol

A

Diarrhea, anorexia, nausea, vomiting , abdominal pain, headache, rash, itching

49
Q

What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin

A

Aka glycopeptide

-Prevent peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to the D ala D ala before they can be used to build

50
Q

What is the initial treatment of infection with Giardia lamblia

A

Correct the fluid and electrolyte abnormalities

51
Q

What is the effect of the luminal amebicides (paromomycin and iodoquinol) on extra-intestinal organisms

A

None

52
Q

Which parasite is niclosamide affective against, and which is it not

A

Effective against tapeworm infection, but not against hydatid cysts

53
Q

What is the diagnosis technique used for Trichuris trichiura

A

Football shaped eggs

54
Q

What is the mechanism of action for iodoquinol

A

Halogenated hydroxyquinoline

55
Q

What is the drug of choice for treatment of extraluminal amebiasis

A

Metronidazole

56
Q

What is the first line agent for infection with Giardia lamblia

A

-Tinidazole

57
Q

What are the pharmokenetics on pyrantel pamoate

A

Poorly absorbed, as half is lost in feces

58
Q

What is the primary treatment for:

-E. Vermicularis

A
  • Albendazole
  • Mebendazole
  • pyrantel pamoate
59
Q

What are the side effects of praziquantel

A
  • Immediate: headache, dizziness, drowsiness, lassitude

- Long term: low grade fever, skin rash and itching

Pharmacology & Drugs (43 decks)

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