GI- Antibiotics And Anti-parastic Agents Flashcards
What are the three general things given to patients with an infection of cryptosporidium parvum
- Antidiarrheal agents
- Fluid management
- Antimicrobial agents
What is the mechanism of action for ivermectin
Intensifies GABA transmission leading to inhibition of movement and paralysis
What is the primary treatment for:
-A. Lumbricoides
Ivermectin
What are the antimicrobial agent given for cryptosporidium parvum
Nitazoxanide or paromomycin
What is the mechanism of action for praziquantel
Increases the permeability of nematode and cestode cell membranes to calcium, leading to paralysis, dislodgement, and death
What is the alternate treatment for:
-S.Stercoalis
Albendazole
What is the primary treatment for:
- N. americanus
- A. Duodenale
Albendazole
What is the treatment for infection with the Schistosoma spp.
Praziquantel
What is the alternate treatment for:
-T. Trichiura
Albendazole
Of the three bendazoles, which is the worse
Thiabendazole has multiple and severe side effects
What is the treatment of cryptosporidium parvum in an immunosuppressed patient
Reduce the dose of immunosuppressants and nitazoxanide
What is the benefit of using fidaxomicin for recurrent C. difficile infections
Spares the anaerobic colonic flora
What is the treatment of cryptosporidium in a patient with HIV
Antiretroviral therapy and nitazoxanide
When is metronidazole used over vancomycin for a mild C. difficile infection
When the oral administration of Vancomycin wont work
What is the pharmokinetics of iodoquinol
90% in the intestine and excreted in the feces
What is the alternate treatment for:
-A. Lumbricoides
Ivermectin
What is the treatment of choice for eradication of intestinal carriage of the organism (aka luminal amebicide)
Paromomycin or iodoquinol
What is the mechanism of action for thiabendazole
Inhibits microtubule synthesis and causes paralysis
Which drug has low efficacy for:
- N. americanus
- A. Duodenale
Ivermectin
What is the primary treatment for:
-S.Stercoalis
Ivermectin
What is the preferred antimicrobial agent given for cryptosporidium parvum
Nitazoxanide
What is the mechanism of metronidazole
Messes with the ETC of the anaerobic bacteria
What is the mechansim of action for albendazole
Inhibits microtuble synthesis and causes paralysis
What are the side effects of nitazoxanide
Nausea, anorexia, enlarged salivary glands, yellow eyes, dysuria, bright yellow urine
What is the antidiarrheal agents given for infection with cryptosporidium parvum
Loperamide
What is the choice of treatment for elimination of invading entamoeba histolytica
Metronidazole and tinidazole
Must both be given to completely eradicate along with a luminal amebicide
What are the pharmokenetics of praziquantel
Oral administration, excreted by the kidneys
What are the treatments for H. Pylori
- omeprazole (PPI)
- Metronidazole
- Tetracycline
- Bismuth subsalicyte (Peptol Bismol)
What are the agents that can be given for infection with Giardia lamblia
- Tinidazole
- Nitazoxanide
What are the alternate treatments for:
- N. americanus
- A. Duodenale
- Mebendazole
- pyrantel pamoate
What is the treatment for cestode infection
Praziquantel
Niclosamide
Abendazole
What is the mechanism of action for pyrantel pamoate
Neuromuscular blocker, causing the release of acetylcholine and inhibition of cholinesterase
What is the treatment of choice for severe C. difficile infection
Vancomycin
What is the mechanism of action for paromomycin
Aka aminoglycoside
-Prevents elongation of the 30S ribosome
What are the pharmakinetics of nitazoxanide
Rapidly absorbed, excreted in the urine and feces
What is the treatment of choice of recurrent C. Difficile infection
Fidaxomicin
What is the primary treatment for:
-A. Lumbricoides
- Albendazole
- Mebendazole
What is the mechanism of action for tetracycline
Binds to the 30S subunit and inhibits binding of the tRNA to complex
What class of drug is omeprazole
PPI
What is the treatment for the asymptomatic carriage 9 cysts or trophozoites without internalized RBCs
Luminal antibiotics aka paromomycin or iodoquinol
What is the mechanism of tinidazole
Aka 5-nitoimidazole
-Messes with ETC and creating radical species
What is the the mechansim of action for nitazoxanide
Inhibition of pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase
What is the mechanism of fidaxomicin
Aka macrolide
-Binds to P site of the 50S subunit
What is the mechanism of action for mebendazole
Inhibits microtubule synthesis and causes paralysis
What is the primary treatment for T.trichiura
Mebendazole
What is the preferred treatment for a mild C. difficile infection
Metranidazole
Vancomycin
What is the mechanism of action for niclosamide
Inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation or stimulation of the ATPase activity
What are the adverse effects of iodoquinol
Diarrhea, anorexia, nausea, vomiting , abdominal pain, headache, rash, itching
What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin
Aka glycopeptide
-Prevent peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to the D ala D ala before they can be used to build
What is the initial treatment of infection with Giardia lamblia
Correct the fluid and electrolyte abnormalities
What is the effect of the luminal amebicides (paromomycin and iodoquinol) on extra-intestinal organisms
None
Which parasite is niclosamide affective against, and which is it not
Effective against tapeworm infection, but not against hydatid cysts
What is the diagnosis technique used for Trichuris trichiura
Football shaped eggs
What is the mechanism of action for iodoquinol
Halogenated hydroxyquinoline
What is the drug of choice for treatment of extraluminal amebiasis
Metronidazole
What is the first line agent for infection with Giardia lamblia
-Tinidazole
What are the pharmokenetics on pyrantel pamoate
Poorly absorbed, as half is lost in feces
What is the primary treatment for:
-E. Vermicularis
- Albendazole
- Mebendazole
- pyrantel pamoate
What are the side effects of praziquantel
- Immediate: headache, dizziness, drowsiness, lassitude
- Long term: low grade fever, skin rash and itching
