Neuro-Anesthetic Drugs Flashcards
What is the common use for benzocaine
Local anesthetic:
-Poor water solubility, so a topical cream for derm, hemorrhoids, premature ejaculation, anesthetic lubricant
What is the common use for bupivacaine
Local anesthetic:
-long duration, usually for sensory block
What is the common use for cocaine
Local anesthetic:
-bloackage of nerve impulses, topical in upper respiratory
What is the common use for dibucaine
Local anesthetic:
-Toxic during injection, so topical cream only
What is the common use for lidocaine
Local anesthetic:
-faster, more intense, longer lasting, and antiarrythmic
What is the common use for procaine
Local anesthetic:
-Lower potently, longer onset, shorter duration, used only for infiltrate anesthesia
Which local anesthetic drug can not be given with sulfonamide antibiotics
Procaine
What is a major toxic side effect of halothane
Hepatitis (2 days to 3 weeks following exposure)
What is a major side effect of enflurane
Renal toxicity (due to fluorinated metabolites)
What is a major side effect of sevoflurane
Renal toxicity (due to fluoridated metabolites)
What is the antidote for malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
What are the properties of pharmokinetics of propofol
Metabolized in the liver very quickly, so fast onset and recovery
What are the system effects of propofol
- Decrease in BP
- Respiratory depression
What are the systemic effects of fospropofol
Same a propofol, but prolonged onset and recovery
What are the method that etomidate is used for analgesia
Hypnotic, not analgesic
What are the systemic effects of etomidate
- CV stability
- suppression of steroid production
What are the characteristics seen in administration of ketamine
- Catatonia, amnesia, and analgesia
- with or without loss of consciousness
What are the systemic effects seen by ketamine
- increased cerebral blood flow
- CV stimulator
What class of drug is fentanyl
Opioid analgesic
What class of drug is sufentanil
Opioid anesthetic
What class of drug is remifentanil
Opioid analgesic
What class of drug is morphine
Opioid anesthetic
What class of drug is thopental
Barbiturate
What class of drug is methohexital
Barbiturates
What are the induction/recovery times, along with the the characteristics of Etomidate
Rapid onset, moderate recovery
-Provides CV stability, decreased steroidogensis and muscle movements
What are the induction/recovery times, along with the the characteristics of ketamine
Moderate rapid onset/recovery
-CV stimulation and increased cerebral flow
What are the induction/recovery times, along with the the characteristics of methohexital
Rapid onset and recovery
-Used for short ambulatory procedures
What are the induction/recovery times, along with the the characteristics of midazolam
Slow onset and recovery
-balanced anesthetic, CV stability and amnesia
What are the induction/recovery times, along with the the characteristics of propofol
Rapid onset and recovery
-antimemetic
What are the induction/recovery times, along with the the characteristics of thiopental
Rapid onset and recovery (bolus dependent with slow recovery following IV)
-CV depression
Which population should thiopental be avoided in
Porphyria patients
What are the induction/recovery times, along with the the characteristics of fentanyl
Slow onset and recovery
-analgesic
What is the drug to reverse midazolam
Flumazenil
What is the drug to reverse fentanyl
Naloxone
